1,721,028 research outputs found
A method for retracing the putative antigen/antibody ratio of immune complexes in biological fluids.
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Human and murine anti-DNA antibodies induce the production of anti-idiotypic antibodies with autoantigen-binding properties (epibodies) through immune-network interactions.
No full textTo examine the potential role of immune-network interactions in the production of lupus autoantibodies, normal NZW rabbit antibody responses were analyzed after immunization with one of the following Ig preparations: human lupus serum anti-dsDNA antibodies, human lupus serum anti-ssDNA antibodies, a mixture of human lupus serum anti-dsDNA and anti-ssDNA antibodies, the MRL-lpr/lpr anti-dsDNA mAb H241, and the MRL-lpr/lpr anti-ssDNA mAb H130. Four of five rabbits produced Ig typical of lupus autoantibodies: individual rabbit Ig cross-reacted with multiple autoantigens including nucleic acids, cardiolipin, SmRNP, glomerular extract, laminin, and exogenous Ag. Rabbit anti-Id against human anti-dsDNA antibodies were highly specific for dsDNA. Notably, in each serum the autoantibody activity was confined to the anti-Id Ig fraction. A similar spontaneously occurring Id-anti-Id interaction was also found between anti-ssDNA and anti-dsDNA antibodies isolated from an individual lupus patient. These results indicate that lupus autoantibodies which share Ag binding properties with pathogenic Ig, including both cross-reactive and anti-dsDNA antibodies, can induce the production of Ig with similar autoantigen binding properties through immune-network interactions. This phenomenon, if unregulated, could lead to the amplification of pathogenic autoantibody production in individuals with systemic lupus
Anti-DNA antibodies bind to DNase I.
No full textPolyspecificity is a well-known property of the anti-DNA antibodies produced by autoimmune animals. In our search for antigen targets of anti-DNA antibodies within tissue extracts, we identified a 32-kD polypeptide that was recognized by a large panel of anti-DNA antibodies. Direct sequencing of this protein disclosed its identity with DNase I. 22 monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies bound to DNase I in direct and competitive immunoassays; out of 15 autoantibodies that did not bind DNA, none had the ability to bind DNase I. The ability of anti-DNA antibodies to interfere with DNase I enzymatic activity was evaluated in an assay based on the enzyme digestion of phage double strand DNA. Six monoclonal anti-single strand DNA antibodies that did not bind double strand DNA were tested in this assay. Three out of six inhibited DNase I-mediated digestion of phage DNA. The interaction of anti-DNA antibodies with DNase I was further investigated by testing their ability to bind a synthetic peptide that corresponds to the catalytic site of the molecule. 4 out of 22 anti-DNA antibodies bound the active site peptide; two of these had been shown to inhibit DNase I enzymatic activity. This report show that anti-DNA antibodies recognize both DNA and its natural ligand DNase I. Some anti-DNA antibodies inhibit DNase I enzymatic activity, thus displaying the potential to modulate DNA catabolism. The dual specificity of anti-DNA antibodies offers a clue for understanding the mechanisms that lead to anti-DNA antibody production in autoimmune animals
A «hardware-Emulated» Test Analysis of a PEM-Fuel-Cell Hybrid Powertrain
No full textTwo testing campaigns were performed in Turin by CRF (the Fiat Research Center), and in Rome by ENEA (the Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and the Environment) and the University «ROMA TRE». The work demonstrates the feature of a FC emulator to characterize fuel-cell-propelled drivetrains without employing an expensive PEM fuel cell and it points out how the vehicle fuel consumption, on a specific mission, depends on two fundamental parameters, the accordance of the FC nominal power with the requested power of the mission and the battery State-of-Charge. In the ENEA Research Center «Casaccia», near Rome, the behaviors of PEM Fuel Cells of different sizes (7, 15, 22 kW) were simulated by replacing them with a controlled AC/DC converter, this fuel cell emulator powering a full-scale hybrid drive train. A real hybrid 60-kW FC powertrain was tested at the same time in Turin and the obtained results were used to build the control function for the FC emulator and to validate the results from the powertrain being tested in Rome. This paper shows the experimental test campaign in Rome, and it focuses the sharing of the power fluxes among fuel cell, battery and motor, for different FC power settings and battery energy levels (SOC)
Hybrid battery-supercapacito storage system for electric city cars
No full textThe paper is concerned with the use of hybrid battery-supercapacitor storage systems to extend the range of electric vehicles. For the study case of an electric city car, the paper calculates the relationship between the range of the city car over the ECE 15 cycle and the size of the supercapacitor bank. For this purpose, current drawn by the traction system is determined and the current pulses are supposed to be delivered by the supercapacitor bank to different extents. The range is then calculated by processing the battery current by means of an appropriate battery model.
In an attempt to validate the theoretical findings, a hybrid battery-supercapacitor storage system has been designed and set up. The system is built up around a bidirectional DC-DC converter and an electronic control unit. The DC-DC converter interfaces the supercapacitor bank with the DC bus of the storage system. The electronic control unit detects the current drawn by the traction system and controls the DC-DC converter for it to deliver the current pulses to a given extent. Preliminary experimental results are reported, which substantiate the battery model and the design of the storage system
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