1,720,962 research outputs found
Green Architecture as a Means of Sustainable Urban Development: Russian and International Experience
No full textThe author believes that environmental safety is one of the key requirements applicable to urban management. Environmental safety is a multi-faceted notion; therefore, it is associated not only with the process of specific activity, but also with its outcome, as any activity, including the one performed by the officers of municipal authorities and city hall managers, is assessed by its result. Indeed, the notion of “environmental safety” encompasses both acceptable negative impacts produced by natural and human-induced environmental hazards on the urban environment and residents, and a set of actions, aimed at the reduction of harmful consequences of any activities performed by urban residents. The author is confident that the use of renewable sources of energy and ecological construction materials will make this reduction feasible. The author believes that the objectives of environmental safety are of particular importance for regional and municipal management authorities, construction and architectural projects. According to the author’s findings generated in the course of analysis of several architectural projects, this government – level objective is particularly relevant today. The author also analyzes several “garden cities”, inspired by E. Howard’s original ideas
Problems of Logical-mathematical Modeling in the Course of Cribwork Quay Design: Innovative Methods of Civil Engineering
No full textIn the article, the author analyzes the innovative methods, employed by the Russian hydraulic engineer Nikolai Mikhailovich Gersevanov in the course of the stability analysisperformed in respect of cribwork quays. The author addresses one of the little known works, written by this Russian architect of industrial buildings. The work in question covers the application of logic algebra formulas to the substantiation of the stability of foundations of quays and port structures; it is entitled “The Application of Mathematical Logic to the Analysis of Structures”. N.M. Gersevanov employs his method of logical-mathematical substantiation of stability of cribwork quays as an example in the second part of his research. The author also analyzes the features of construction of crib piers, the forces that they are exposed to, and any possible reasons for the destruction of cribwork quays. In this article, the problem of design of cribwork quays is tied to the problem of construction performed in the context of natural (hydrologic and tectonic) calamities, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, and landslides. City and port management amid natural calamities represents an innovative challenge to be met by contemporary architects. The analysis of conditional propositions, employed in the work, written by N.M. Gersevanov, has proven his paper's novelty. The author of this article believes that antecedent and consequent are connected by the symbol of relevant (or nomological) implicationin hispropositions
Development of small Russian towns in the 19th–21st centuries: socioeconomic factors
No full textThis research is focused on small Russian towns and the socioeconomic aspects of their development in the 19th through 21st centuries. Several towns, including Mytischi, Yuzovka, Naro-Fominsk, Myshkin, etc., serve as examples employed to assess the practice of founding townships, to analyze the economic, social, cultural, and political conditions of their functioning, and to make projections for their future development. The methods, employed by this research project, consist in the look-back analysis of sources and the analysis of statistics, including the relevant urban demography. The main conclusion, made by the author, is the need for the revival of small Russian towns in the post-industrial era through their assumption of supplementary administrative functions against the background of continuing de-industrialization and the shutdown of the township-forming production facilities. The author believes that the conversion of small towns into tourist resort areas is a debatable practice. The author addresses this issue in the Discussion section of the article. He offers his pros and cons in respect of these actions. The academic novelty of the article consists in the provision of the novel data concerning the development of small towns as the urban districts of major megalopolises
USING LOGIC IN PRACTICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF STABILITY OF BUILDING FOUNDATIONS: OVERVIEW OF A LITTLE-KNOWN WORK WRITTEN BY N.M. GERSEVANOV
No full textThe author analyzes the findings made by N. Gersevanov, founder of the Russian school of
soil mechanics, covered in one of his little-known works. His method of solving problems of logic
within the framework of structural mechanics boasts a backstory. N. Gersevanov employed a quote
of Galileo Galilei who had employed the "reductio ad absurdum" type of deduction to refute the
Aristotle's proposition concerning the dependence between the rate of fall of bodies and their mass.
The author argues that this work written by N. Gersevanov was the first attempt to apply the
logic in the area of civil engineering technology; this attempt anticipated further efforts and research
undertakings implemented by V. Shestakov, developer of the relay logic. N. Gersevanov employed
the language of symbols developed by Louis Couture and entered the symbols of identity, logical
addition and multiplication into the logic formulas designated for the identification of stability of port
structures. Further, N. Gersevanov switched from formulas to arguments, and he employed both
direct and indirect argumentation to refute the statement that read as "the building was unstable"
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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