102,565 research outputs found
Enhanced photorefractivity in tin-doped silica optical fibers (review)
No full textTin doping has been shown to be a powerful method to achieve enhanced photosensitivity in low-loss silica-based optical fibers. A review of recent research in this area is presented
Il territorio di Montichiari tra età romana e altomedioevo : indagini preliminari per una carta archeologica
No full textBiomarkers for the identification of recurrence in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer patients
No full textPurpose of review
This review discusses the mechanisms of anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) resistance in breast cancer patients, detailing possible predictive biomarkers of therapy benefit that could implement novel therapeutic strategies.
Recent findings
Despite a remarkable improvement in survival over the past two decades, up to 30% of early-stage HER2þ breast cancer patients exhibit de-novo or acquired resistance to targeted therapy, underlying the need of developing predictive biomarkers.
Summary
The role of HER family receptor redundancy, p95HER2 expression, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin downstream pathway activation in counteracting the inhibitory effects of anti-HER2 targeted therapy has been addressed. We also discuss the possible inconsistencies in the definition of HER2 positivity according to American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists guidelines or molecular intrinsic subtypes, and address the role played by tumor heterogeneity and evolutionary clonal selection on therapy selective pressure. Finally, the interplay between adaptive immunity and anti-HER2 targeted therapy is extensively discussed, focusing on its putative predictive and prognostic role
Plasmablastic lymphoma: a review
No full textPlasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) has been recently characterised as an aggressive subtype of non-Hodgkin’s
lymphoma, most frequently arising in the oral cavity of HIV-infected patients. To date, approximately 60 cases
fulfilling the clinico-pathological characteristics of PBL have been reported. PBLs are composed of large cells
with eccentrically located nuclei and deeply basophilic cytoplasm with a paranuclear hof. The tumour cells are
invariably immunoreactive for the plasma cell marker CD138, and show monoclonal rearrangement of the
immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (IgH) and ⁄ or clonal restriction of the Ig light chain (IgL) gene expression in
most of the cases. Similar to other types of AIDS-related lymphomas, there is evidence that Epstein–Barr virus and Kaposi-sarcoma associated Human Herpes Virus 8 may play a relevant role in the pathogenesis of PBL. PBL patients have been treated heterogeneously, with a combination of chemotherapy, radiotherapy and ⁄ or
surgery, and their prognosis is usually poor, with a death rate of approximately 60% at 1 year
Periodically poled silica fibre: an emerging nonlinear medium for optical frequency conversion
No full textRecord second-harmonic efficiencies exceeding 20% and parametric fluorescence have been demonstrated in periodically poled silica fibres (PPSF). The achieved performances set PPSF as a highly competitive material with respect to some of the more traditional nonlinear crystal waveguides. We will review some current material and device research in the field, highlighting the potential applications in several areas such as frequency conversion of high power fibre lasers, optical telecommunication, and quantum technology
Metaplastic carcinoma with extensive dendritic cell differentiation: a previously unrecognised type of triple-negative breast cancer
No full textThe case of a metaplastic carcinoma of the breast exhibiting dendritic cell differentiation is described. The clinico-pathologic and immunohistochemical features are reported, together with the differential diagnosis
Photorefractive index gratings in SnO<sub>2</sub>:SiO<sub>2</sub> optical fibres
No full textPermanent photorefractive gratings with considerable refractive index modulations (~3×10–4) were written in silica optical fibers doped with very low levels of SnO2(~0.15 mol %) using ultraviolet (UV) laser radiation at 248 nm. The photoinduced refractive index change does not show any sign of saturation even for long exposure times (i.e., total fluence >20 kJ/cm2). A comparison with GeO2:SiO2 fibers shows that under similar UV intensities saturation takes place for shorter exposure time and comparable refractive index changes are obtainable for GeO2 concentrations ~10 mol %
Enhanced photosensitivity in tin-doped silica and germanosilicate optical glasses
No full textWe report recent developments on materials and techniques to improve the photosensitivity of glass based optical fibres and waveguides. These will include thermal treatments and use of dopants such as tin. Measurements on structural changes and defect formation will be presented
- …
