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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The effects of oral anticoagulants on the synthesis of glycoproteins
Get PDFThe coumarin related drugs have been used as oral anticoagulants for many years. These drugs help in the prevention of thrombotic episodes by reducing the activity of certain plasma proteins required for the clotting process. Administration of vitamin K reverses the effects of the coumarin drugs and deficiency of this vitamin results in similar symptoms as are induced by coumarin therapy. It has been proposed, therefore, that vitamin K and the coumarins act at a similar site and affect the plasma activity of the clotting proteins.Factors II, VII, IX and X. Study of the synthesis of these proteins has shown that the site of vitamin K (and coumarin) action is post-ribosomal and that the vitamin might be responsible for the introduction of a 'prosthetic' group into the proteins. This is supported by the finding that the plasma of coumarin treated patients, and cattle, contains a protein with the immuno logical characteristics of normal prothrombin but with negligible activity in the usual bioassay. In this study it has been shown that an abnormal prothrombin present in the plasma of patients undergoing anticoagulant therapy with Warfarin may be purified by absorption to barium citrate and subsequent chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex. This barium-absorbable coumarin prothrombin accounts for at least 70% of the immunological prothrombin in coumarin plasma, i.e. it is the major species of prothrombin during coumarin therapy. The abnormal protein is eluted from DEAE-Sephadex prior to normal prothrombin. Other workers in this field have concentrated on the barium non-absorbable prothrombin from cattle. This form of prothrombin has a lower biological activity than the barium-absorbable protein. Present theory explains this effect in terms of the inhibition, by the coumarin drugs, of the vitamin K-dependant carboxylation of ten glutamic acid residues in the N-terminal portion of the prothrombin with a resultant loss of barium and calcium binding ability. In order to investigate the reason for the low specific activity of the barium-absorbable prothrombin larger volumes of blood were required than it was feasible to obtain from outpatients. The corresponding protein was therefore isolated from the plasma of cows treated with 'therapeutic' levels of Warfarin. The bovine protein, like the human barium-absorbable prothrombin, has a reduced biological activity. Analysis of acid hydrolysates of this protein showed that it had an identical carbohydrate and amino acid content to normal prothrombin. Investigation of the activation of the various forms of prothrombin showed that abnormal prothrombin, from both cattle and human patients, gives rise to thrombin which has the same specific activity as normal thrombin and that the rate of activation of abnormal prothrombin is reduced. Thus abnormal prothrombin does not interact normally with its activating enzyme, Factor Xa, in the presence or absence of Factor V or phospholipid, which act as accelerators of normal activation. Following this it was shown that abnormal prothrombin had a reduced ability to bind calcium; such a defect accounts for the above activation differences. This defect was located in the N-terminal (Fragment 1) portion of the prothrombin molecule. Alkaline hydrolysis of the whole prothrombin molecule and of the isolated Fragment 1 showed that, in contrast to the normal protein, only about 6 of the possible ten glutamic acid residues were carboxylated in the barium-absorbable prothrombin. Detailed analysis of the N-terminal region of this protein was carried out by isolation and characterisation of peptides from this portion of the molecule and confirmed the view that this region is heterogenous in the abnormal protein. A further bovine plasma protein (Factor X3) which is affected by the administration of coumarin drugs and by vitamin K has also been partially characterised. This protein contains gamma-carboxy glutamic acid residues and is of similar size to Factors VII, IX and X, but has no clotting activity. Nor has any other activity been associated with Factor X3. Factor X is also affected by coumarin therapy. However in this case the protein exists as two formsr even in the vitamin K replete state. Despite this it was shown that these two forms, Factor X1 and Factor X2, differed in the extent of carboxylation. Factor X1 and X2 have different specific activities. As in the case of prothrombin this may be explicable in terms of a low gamma-carboxy glutamic acid content resulting in a reduced calcium binding ability. These results are used in proposing a model of vitamin K action which is discussed in terms of the possible effects of the coumarin drugs of proteins other than those involved in blood coagulation
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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