1,720,999 research outputs found
[Anxiety, depression and risk consumption of alcohol in a sample of university students]
No full textThe university student is vulnerable to the adverse effects of many stress factors that can lead to depressive symptoms, anxiety and alcohol abuse, causing an increase in the burden of illness in young people. The aim of the study was to measure depressive symptoms, anxiety levels, and harmful alcohol consumption within the student population of the University of Palermo
Infodemiology and infoveillance: framework for contagious exanthematous diseases, of childhood in Italy
No full textBackgroundContagious exanthematous diseases are becoming a major public health problem. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential epidemiological trend of four infectious exanthematous diseases in Italy through the searches on the internet.MethodsWe used the following Italian search term: 'Sesta malattia' (Sixth Disease, in English), 'Eritema Infettivo' (also knows 'Quinta malattia' in Italian; Fifth Disease in English), 'Quarta malattia' (Fourth Disease in English) and 'Scarlattina' (Scarlet fever in English). We overlapped Google Trends and Wikipedia data to perform a linear regression and correlation analysis. Statistical analyses were performed using the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (rho). The study period is between July 2015 and December 2022ResultsThe diseases considered have a seasonal trend and the search peaks between GT and Wikipedia overlap. A temporal correlation was observed between GT and Wikipedia search trends. Google Trends Internet search data showed strong correlation with Wikipedia with a rho statistically significant for Fifth disease (rho = 0.78), Fourth disease (rho = 0.76) and Scarlet-fever (rho = 0.77), moderate correlation for Sixth disease (rho = 0.32).ConclusionsInfectious disease searches using Google and Wikipedia can be useful for public health surveillance and help policy makers implement prevention and information programs for the population, in addition to the fact that increases in searches could represent an early warning in the detection of outbreaks
Risk Factors for Addictive Behaviors: A General Overview
Full text linkMany people around the world have behaviors that are recognized as addictive behaviors, usually not causing significant health consequences except in a few cases, which consist typically of a low percentage of people who may develop addictive behavioral disorders that may be associated with functional impairment and distress [...
Digital epidemiology and infodemiology of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in Italy. Disease trend assessment via Google and Wikipedia
Full text linkBackground and aim: The study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological trend of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Italy using data on Internet search volume. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used. Data on Internet searches were obtained from Google Trends (GT) and Wikipedia. We used the following Italian search term: "Malattia mano-piede-bocca" (Hand-foot-mouth disease, in English). A monthly time-frame was extracted, partly overlapping, from July 2015 to December 2022. GT and Wikipedia were overlapped to perform a linear regression and correlation analyses. Statistical analyses were performed using the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (rho). A linear regression analysis was performed considering Wikipedia and GT. Results: Search peaks for both Wikipedia and GT occurred in the months November-December during the autumn-winter season and in June during the spring-summer season, except for the period from June 2020 to June 2021, probably due to the restrictions of the COVID19 pandemic. A temporal correlation was observed between GT and Wikipedia search trends. Conclusions: This is the first study in Italy that attempts to clarify the epidemiology of HFMD. Google search and Wikipedia can be valuable for public health surveillance; however, to date, digital epidemiology cannot replace the traditional surveillance system
iViaggio: the app for safe traveling
No full texthe number of people travelling internationally increases
year after year, mainly due to the more and
more affordable cost of travelling and to the evergreater
ease of transportation. Nowadays, any destination
can be reached within 24 hours by plane, and the
improvement of economic conditions facilitates both
business and leisure travelling, as a matter of fact, according
to data from the World Tourism Organization,
the number of international trips is expected to increase
by 3% to 4% per year.1 However, international travelling
poses various health risks depending on travelers’
health conditions and the type of trip undertaken. Indeed,
travelers may experience sudden changes in altitude,
humidity, and temperature that can cause illness.
Furthermore, serious health risks can result from poorquality
housing, poor sanitary conditions, inadequate
medical services, and the unavailability of drinking
water. Potential risks strictly depend on the destination
and the characteristics of the travel, and for this reason,
anybody planning a trip should seek advice on the potential
risks related to their destination and understand
the protective measures needed to minimize the risk of
contracting a disease. The risk of infection is linked to
the epidemiology of the single country and to the different
climatic conditions, which could expose travelers to
etiological agents and vectors which are different from
those which can be found in their countries of origin,
but also to lower sanitary levels. Although doctors and
tour operators can provide great help and good advice,
it is crucial that travelers seek further information, understand
the risks associated with travelling, and take
the necessary precautions during their journey in order
to travel safely. New technologies and application
for smartphone (also known as app) might help more
and more in promoting healthy behaviors.2 The greatest
strength of health-related apps is that information is
provided through channels already used by the citizen
and perceived as “friendly.” Moreover, apps are a great
way to communicate in “one-to-many” mode, in contrast
to the standard “one-to-one” healthcare approach;
this exponentially increases the quantity of educational
content sent. Furthermore, by using the app, users produce
new electronic data and make it available to researchers
and policy makers, thus creating a new field
of big-data-based research.3, 4 The aim of this study was
to develop an applications for smartphones (“iViaggio:
the travel app, traveling in safety”) (Figure 1), designed
to provide information about the main risks associated
with travelling, also taking into consideration the kind
of trip (health risks related to environment, accidents,
traumas, and violence, potential risks of infectious diseases)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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