1,720,988 research outputs found
Antigen receptor rearrangements in the lymphoid malignancies
No full textVarious methods for detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) were evaluated in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and multiple myeloma.Southern blotting was found to be labour intensive, slow, added little additional information to that provided by PCR amplification, and should be replaced in MRD studies by a PCR-based approach. PCR allowed rapid determination of residual disease in all neoplasms studied and, combined with sequencing of amplified PCR products and constructing patient specific oligonucleotides for probing post-treatment samples, was reliable and specific.From the evaluation of patients with ALL, patients up to two years from diagnosis were found to harbour residual tumour in the absence of florid clinical or morphological relapse. In CLL, patients undergoing autologous and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation were assessed using amplification of IgH. After PCR amplification, patient specific probes were constructed using junctional region nucleotides. All patients with CLL undergoing autologous BMT had PCR detectable disease before immunological marrow purging. After purging, disease was detectable in half and autologous marrows. Although PCR detectable disease was present early after transplant in most patients receiving a PCR positive marrow, only those patients in whom persistent or re-emerging PCR positivity was detected demonstrated over clinical relapse. Similar findings were obtained for the allogeneic BMT group; only patients who were found to be persistently positive following transplant had other evidence of disease relapse.Within the myeloma group studied, IgH PCR amplification demonstrated the presence of residual myeloma cells in purged autologous marrow despite the apparent absence of contaminating cells using immunophenotypic analysis.This study confirms the finding of other groups that persistence of disease in ALL may be seen for up to two years following diagnosis. The project also clearly shows that high dose therapy with bone marrow transplantation may be curative in low grade lymphoid malignancies such as CLL.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Typical Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia is derived from a B-cell arrested after cessation of somatic mutation but prior to isotype switch events
No full textThere exists a wide spectrum of IgM-secreting B-cell tumors with different clinical behavior. Knowledge of the VH gene status can reveal their origin and clonal history. For Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM), a distinct subtype of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, early data on limited sequences showed evidence for somatic mutation. A recent report of one case demonstrated intraclonal mutational activity occurring after transformation, a characteristic of germinal center lymphomas. To extend the investigation, we have analyzed 7 cases of WM. VH genes were somatically mutated with no evidence of intraclonal variation in all cases. In contrast to IgM-secreting multiple myeloma, there was no evidence for isotype switch transcripts in any of the cases. These data support the concept that typical WM is derived from a B cell that has undergone somatic mutation prior to transformation, at a point where isotype switch events have not been initiated
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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