132,927 research outputs found
Comment on "Bayesian Analysis of Pentaquark Signals from CLAS Data" - Ireland and Protopopescu reply
No full textNash Equilibrium Strategies in Discrete-Time Finite-Horizon Dynamic Games with Risk-and Effort-Averse Players
No full textThe objective of this paper is to re-examine the risk-and effort attitude in the context of strategic dynamic interactions stated as a discrete-time finite-horizon Nash game. The analysis is based on the assumption that players are endogenously risk-and effort-averse. Each player is characterized by distinct risk-and effort-aversion types that are unknown to his opponent. The goal of the game is the optimal risk-and effort-sharing between the players. It generally depends on the individual strategies adopted and, implicitly, on the the players' types or characteristics.Dynamic Nash game, optimal path, closed-loop control, endogenous risk-and effort-aversion, adaptive risk-and effort management, optimal risk-and effort-sharing.
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Évaluation de risques controversés par la théorie des options réelles
No full textAssessing Controversial Risks Using Real Options Theory
by Robert Kast, André Lapied, Sophie Pardo and Camelia Protopopescu
Public decision-making and risk assessment in such fields as environmental risk, industrial risk, disaster insurance, and health and unemployment insurance require dynamics to be taken into account and generally give rise to controversy. In order to use real options theory for these fields, we propose methods for constructing a virtual underlying security on the basis of a portfolio of traded assets. Real options theory will take care of dynamic aspects of the decision-making process while construction of the virtual underlying security takes account of various levels of controversy. Key-words : Real options, risks, collective choice, functional correlation coefficient, Kendall’s tau coefficent. JEL Classification : C13, C14, D81, G12, L32.Les problèmes de décision publique et l'évaluation de risques pour l'environnement, les risques industriels, l'assurance des catastrophes, de la santé et du chômage, etc., nécessitent de prendre en compte les aspects dynamiques et suscitent généralement des controverses. Afin d'utiliser la théorie des options réelles dans ces situations, nous proposons des méthodes de construction d'un sous-jacent virtuel à partir d''un portefeuille d'actifs négociés. La théorie des options réelles permet de prendre en compte la dynamique du processus de décision tandis que la construction du sous-jacent intègre différents niveaux de controverses. Mots-clés : Options réelles, risques, choix collectifs, coefficient de corrélation fonctionnelle, coefficient de Kendall. Classification JEL : C13, C14, D81, G12, L32.Kast Robert, Lapied André, Pardo Sophie, Protopopescu Camélia. Évaluation de risques controversés par la théorie des options réelles. In: Économie & prévision, n°149, 2001-3. Options Réelles. pp. 51-63
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
Improving the Effort Concept: A Revision of the Traditional Approach in the Context of Controlled Dynamic Stochastic Environments
No full textThe objective of this paper is to re-evaluate the attitude to effort of a risk-averse decision- maker in an evolving environment. In the classical analysis, the space of efforts is generally discretized. More realistic, this new approach employes a continuum of effort levels. The pres- ence of multiple possible efforts and performance levels provide a better basis for explaining real economic phenomena. In the context of a principal-agent relationship, not only the incentives of the Principal can determine the private agent to exert a good effort, but also the evolution of the dynamic system. The dynamic incentives can be ineffective when the environment does not sufficiently incite the agent to allocate effort. This possible scenario explains why some efficient strategic incentive-compatible constraints that cover the entire period of contract do not generally exist. The proposed approach offers an elegant study of the close relationship between behavior, attitude and effort allocation.Rational decision-maker, endogenous dynamic learning, adaptive effort management, optimal effort threshold, effort aversion, excessive effort behavior.
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