87,299 research outputs found
The Contribution of European Cohesion Policy to Public Investment
No full textCohesion Policy (known also as Regional Policy) is the European Union’s main development policy (Viesti and Prota 2008; Viesti 2019). It has evolved over time: from a tool to counterbalance the regional disparities inevitably emerging from the Single Market, and, subsequently, from the Monetary Union, to the investment pillar of the new economic policy coordination (Berkowitz et al. 2015). In the period 2007–2013, as result of the 2008 Global Financial Crisis, Cohesion Policy has been the major source of finance for public investment for many Member States of the European Union, representing up to 57% of government capital investment.
The aim of this chapter is twofold: first, to provide an overview of the expenditures of the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the Cohesion Fund (CF) at national and regional levels over the last decades, and second, to discuss the impact of the investments co-financed through these two funds mainly in terms of physical achievements. We focus on the ERDF and the CF (which represent about 75% of Cohesion Policy funding in the 2014–2020 programming period), since the bulk of their expenditure provides support to public investment.
Our analysis covers three programming periods: 1994–1999, 2000–2006, 2007–2013, though we focus mainly on 2000–2006 and 2007–2013 in order to take into account the Eastern enlargement of the European Union and the effects of 2008 crisis.
We use two datasets made available by the European Commission. The first one provides, in a single source, historic long-term regionalised annual EU expenditure data covering four programming periods, but it does not contain thematic information. The second one shows allocations and expenditures from 2000 to 2013 broken down by expenditure categories. Moreover, the study on “Geography of Expenditures”, one of the Work Packages of the ex post evaluation of Cohesion Policy programmes 2007–2013, has produced a consolidated database covering the regional ERDF and CF investments from 2000 to year 2014 at NUTS2 level (WIIW and ISMERI Europa 2015)
PROTA 11 : medicinal plants; role, health, economic and policy issues, and scope
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Innovation Policy Evaluation: What Next?
No full textThere is widespread agreement in the economic literature on the increasing complexity associated with innovation policies. The acceleration of change, growth of social complexity, inter-linkages between the local and global and inter-dependencies between various systems make policymaking more complex and require new approaches to support a policy learning process. The aim of this editorial is to suggest ideas for future researches on conceptually innovative frameworks for evaluating complex innovation strategies
Politica ambientale e localizzazione delle imprese
No full textEnvironmental Policy and Firm Localisation - The delocation of firms is often viewed as a major outcome of rigorous
environmental policy. In this paper, we study the impact of a strict anti-pollution policy pursued by a government on
domestic firms locational decisions and determine the main variables that interact with such a policy. Some preliminary
implications for welfare are also considered. Section 2 presents the model, while Section 3 derives Cournot-Nash
equilibria in the two market and. Section 4 goes on to consider the issue of the optimal location choice made by firms
in response to the environmental policy enforced by the government. In section 5 we analyse the alternative strategies a government can adopt and the possible effects on welfare,while the final section summarizes the results
Case Study: Seismic Upgrade of a Masonry Bell Tower using Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Ties
No full textIn many cases masonry buildings present structural problems related to development of local mechanisms under seismic actions. The solution to this weakness has to be chosen taking into account several aspects if the construction is ancient and is gifted of monumental significance. In this paper the case of the Bell Tower of Santa Maria del Carmine (Napoli, Italy) is discussed; the construction has been deeply examined by the writers performing experimental inquires in situ and theoretical analysis with three-dimensional models. While the results obtained in the hypothesis of compact behavior of the structure have pointed out a low risk condition under seismic actions, in contrast the study of local out-of-plane mechanisms, dealt with in detail in this paper, have evidenced an unsafe situation. To avoid such mechanisms, connective systems with tie rods made of glass fiber-reinforced polymer laminates have been designed to be inserted where local verifications are not satisfied. Design, application, and monitoring procedures of this innovative intervention are discussed in detail herein
La prospettiva della politica di coesione comunitaria in un'Europa allargata
No full textCohesion policy has developed from a minor concern to one of the most important pursuits of the European Union. It amounts to about 35% of the EU budget, making it the second largest budget item. A reform of the EU's structural policies is now unavoidable because of i) the performance of previous policies may be improved, ii) the upcoming enlargement with ten relatively poor new member states and iii) the problems relating to the dimension of EU budget. Enlargement offers the EU a window of opportunity to accelerate this reform, that can play an important role in accelerating income convergence among European regions. Aim of this paper is to discuss the main options open to the European policy makers concerning the future of structural policies, and the more relevant documents produced till end 2002
Bilateral investment treaties and backward linkages in Sub-Saharan Africa
No full textThis article is an original contribution to the understanding of the impact of bilateral investment treaties in developing countries. By exploiting a unique sample of foreign affiliates in nineteen Sub-Saharan Africa countries, we show that the presence of a bilateral investment treaty between FDI origin and destination countries is positively related to the propensity of foreign investors to generate linkages to local suppliers. In addition, we find evidence that such relationship is stronger for countries with lower institutional quality and that bilateral investment treaties become more effective the larger the difference in levels of development between source and host. The estimation technique we use is a two-limit Tobit model. Our results are of high importance from a political point of view. They support the argument that bilateral investment treaties can help countries with low levels of governance quality, as several Sub-Saharan African countries, to credibly remedy local institutional inefficiencies and, therefore, the participation in an international treaty make the opportunities for local sourcing more likely. These potential gains can justify the decision of policymakers in developing countries to sign BITs, despite such agreements impinging on their national sovereignty
I due decenni dell'innovazione Made in China
No full textA quasi dieci anni dal varo della SciTech Guideline, tra la chiusura del xii piano quinquennale
(2011-2015) ed il lancio del xiii (2016-2020), il governo cinese ha lanciato il piano
Made in China 2025 (MiC 2025). MiC 2025 è parte e primo di tre piani nell’ambito di un’iniziativa
più ampia, che ha l’obiettivo di rendere la Cina una potenza manifatturiera entro il
2049, in corrispondenza dell’anniversario dei 100 anni della fondazione della Repubblica Popolare
Cinese.
Benché la rilevanza attribuita all’innovazione e alla tecnologia sia un fatto ricorrente nella
pianificazione cinese sin dagli albori della Repubblica Popolare, l’elemento di novità risiede
nella pervasività degli sforzi pianificati, che non sembrano trovare, però, una congiuntura altrettanto
favorevole come quella in cui si sono svolti i precedenti piani.
L’obiettivo del presente lavoro è quello di tracciare un primo bilancio dell’attività innovativa
in Cina in concomitanza con questo punto di svolta nelle politiche, attraverso l’analisi di
un sistema di indicatori sintetici derivato dagli obiettivi quali-quantitativi posti dalla SciTech
Guideline e dai successivi piani quinquennali. Più specificatamente, attraverso l’esame di fonti
cinesi e internazionali, questo lavoro si pone come obiettivo non quello di valutare, bensì
quello di derivare una serie di fatti stilizzati riguardanti l’innovazione in Cina e fornire alcuni
spunti di riflessione sui quali innestare una discussione sui due decenni, quello appena passato
e, soprattutto, quello appena iniziato
Italy’s National Research Assessment: Some Unpleasant Effects
No full textHigher education institutions are in a period of profound transformation. In particular, many governments have implemented mechanisms that attempt to relate funding to performance. In this article, we reflect about the relevance of those changes from a regional point of view, by analysing the recent introduction of a performance-based research funding system in Italy. The findings lead to policy indications, questioning the effectiveness of selective funding of universities based on national research assessment exercises when there is heterogeneity across regions in universities scientific performance and, at the same time, there is a huge dispersion of research performance within the individual universities
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