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    Clinical pharmacy in paediatrics : inappropriate prescriptions

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    Le contexte de la prescription médicamenteuse chez l’enfant est complexe : évolution physiologique et métabolique, prescription hors et sans AMM, formes galéniques non adaptées. Les enfants sont exposés à un risque iatrogène plus important que l’adulte. Un outil de détection des prescriptions inappropriées (POPI : Pédiatrie - Omissions et Prescriptions Inappropriées) a été développé en pédiatrie. Nous avons évalué rétrospectivement la prévalence des prescriptions inappropriées (PI) en ville et à l’hôpital. Le taux de prévalence des PI et des omissions de prescriptions (OP) étaient respectivement de 2,9% et 2,3% aux urgences pédiatriques et 12,3% et 6,1% en ville. L’étude de reproductibilité a permis de constater un excellent accord inter-juge entre les médecins dans la détection des PI et entre les pharmaciens dans la détection des OP. Les PI et les OP avaient une bonne concordance entre les différents professionnels de santé. Enfin, nous avons pu adapter notre outil pour une utilisation internationale en utilisant une méthode Delphi. Sur les 105 critères évalués, 80 critères ont obtenu plus de 75% d’accord après le premier tour, 16 items ont été modifiés et 25 ont été supprimés. L’outil POPI international final est composé de 73 items de PI et d’OP. Les principales raisons de modification ou de suppression étaient des différences entre les recommandations des différents pays et l’indisponibilité du médicament. Ces différents travaux ont permis d’évaluer la prévalence des PI en pédiatrie, de montrer que l’outil est utilisable par différents professionnels. La facilité d’utilisation de l’outil a été approuvée par la majorité des utilisateurs qui étaient prêts à l’utiliser dans leur pratique quotidienne. L’outil doit donc permettre d’aider les professionnels de santé à détecter les PI/OP et d’améliorer la prise en charge médicamenteuse des enfants.The context of drug prescription in children is complex : physiological evolution and metabolic changes, off-label prescription, unsuitable dosage forms. Children are at greater iatrogenic risk than adults. A tool for detecting inappropriate prescriptions in paediatrics (POPI : Paediatric - Omission Prescriptions and Inappropriate prescriptions) has been developed. We retrospectively evaluated the prevalence of inappropriate prescriptions (IP) in community setting and in hospital. The prevalence of IP and omitted prescriptions (OP) were respectively 2.9% and 2.3% in emergency department and 12.3% and 6.1% in community setting. The reproducibility study showed excellent inter-judge agreement between doctors in the detection of IP and between pharmacists in the detection of OP. The IP and OP had a good agreement between the different healthcare professionals. Finally, we proposed an adaptation of our tool for use in worldwide. Of the 105 criteria evaluated, 80 criteria obtained more than 75% agreement after the first round, 16 items were modified and 25 were deleted. The final international POPI tool is composed of 73 IP and OP. The main reasons for modification or deletion were differences between the recommendations of the different countries and the unavailability of the drug. This work has allowed us to assess the prevalence of IP in paediatrics and to show that the tool is usable by different professionals. The ease of use of the tool was approved by the majority of users and they were ready to use it in their daily practice. This tool can help healthcare professionals to detect IP/OP and improve the medication management of children

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    Pharmacie clinique pédiatrique (un exemple d'apprentissage par le jeu)

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    PARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Le pharmacien hospitalier et la pratique clinique (comparaison française et québécoise au sein de deux hôpitaux pédiatriques)

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    Cette thèse est le fruit de trois années de résidence spécialisée effectuée au Québec. Il s agit d une évaluation comparative des pratiques professionnelles entre deux hôpitaux pédiatriques : l hôpital Robert Debré APHP, Paris, France et l hôpital Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada. Le contexte et la place de la pharmacie au sein des deux établissements sont décrits. Une évaluation transversale des pratiques de prise en charge de la douleur post-opératoire est réalisée. Enfin, l impact comparé de la présence de deux pharmaciens dans les services cliniques est exposé. Des propositions sont données sur les mesures permettant de faire progresser la pratique des pharmaciens en France vers une activité clinique, centrée sur une amélioration des soins donnés aux patients.This thesis is issued from a three-year specialised residency in Québec. This is a comparative evaluation of professional practices between two paediatric hospitals : Hôpital Robert Debré APHP, Paris, France and Hôpital Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada. The context and the role of pharmacy within the two hospitals are described. A transverse evaluation concerning surgical analgesia is carried out. Lastly, a comparison of the activity of two pharmacists in clinical wards is presented. Some key-points are proposed to improve French pharmacist clinical activities towards better patient care.PARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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