413 research outputs found
Mario Prost, « D'abord les moyens, les besoins viendront après. Commerce et environnement dans la "jurisprudence" du GATT et de l'OMC », 2005
No full textMaljean-Dubois Sandrine. Mario Prost, « D'abord les moyens, les besoins viendront après. Commerce et environnement dans la "jurisprudence" du GATT et de l'OMC », 2005. In: Revue Juridique de l'Environnement, n°3, 2006. p. 375
L’invention des syndicalismes
No full textPourquoi des syndicalismes si différents en Grande-Bretagne, en France et en Allemagne dès la fin du XIXe siècle ? Pour répondre à cette question on compare ici le Trade unionism, le syndicalisme révolutionnaire et le mouvement ouvrier allemand de façon très concrète. D’une part, on examine le s d’organisation ouvrières dans des secteurs industriels ou des territoires déterminés (les mineurs, les dockers, le bâtiment, les grandes villes, etc.). D’autre part, on analyse, d’un point de vue toujours comparatif, des productions symboliques (le Premier mai, les discours) ou des formes d’organisation (mutuelles et coopératives, patronat). Chacun des chapitres à été préparé par les meilleurs spécialistes du sujet donné dans les trois pays, parfois étendu à la Belgique et à l’Italie. Plusieurs réunions ont permis de définir une problématique commune. Enfin, les différents tex te sont été discutés à l’occasion d’un colloque international financé par la Commission européenne. On présente ici la version revue et corrigée de ces textes, assortis d’une bibliographie générale. Ont contribué à l ’ouvrage John Barzman, John Belchem, Peter Berkowitz, Manfred Bock, Friedhelm Boll, Rémy Cazals, Jean-Claude Daumas, Jacques Delors, Gita Deneckere, Marie-Geneviève Dezès, Karl Ditt, Michel Dreyfus, Marlene Ellerkamp, Allan Fowler, Marie-Louise Goergen, Rebecca Gumbrell, Karl H. Pohl, Odette Hardy, Richard Hyman, Sandrine Kott, Giuseppe M. Longoni, John Lovell, Kenneth Lunn, Inge Marssolek, Arthur McIvor, Joël Michel, Eric Nijhof, Norbert Olszak, Michel Pigenet Antoine Prost, Vincent Robert, Michael Schneider, Peter Scholliers, Stéphane Sirot, Danielle Tartakowsky, Klaus Tenfelde, Thomas Welskopp, Noël Whiteside, Chris Wrigley
L’invention des syndicalismes
No full textPourquoi des syndicalismes si différents en Grande-Bretagne, en France et en Allemagne dès la fin du XIXe siècle ? Pour répondre à cette question on compare ici le Trade unionism, le syndicalisme révolutionnaire et le mouvement ouvrier allemand de façon très concrète. D’une part, on examine le s d’organisation ouvrières dans des secteurs industriels ou des territoires déterminés (les mineurs, les dockers, le bâtiment, les grandes villes, etc.). D’autre part, on analyse, d’un point de vue toujours comparatif, des productions symboliques (le Premier mai, les discours) ou des formes d’organisation (mutuelles et coopératives, patronat). Chacun des chapitres à été préparé par les meilleurs spécialistes du sujet donné dans les trois pays, parfois étendu à la Belgique et à l’Italie. Plusieurs réunions ont permis de définir une problématique commune. Enfin, les différents tex te sont été discutés à l’occasion d’un colloque international financé par la Commission européenne. On présente ici la version revue et corrigée de ces textes, assortis d’une bibliographie générale. Ont contribué à l ’ouvrage John Barzman, John Belchem, Peter Berkowitz, Manfred Bock, Friedhelm Boll, Rémy Cazals, Jean-Claude Daumas, Jacques Delors, Gita Deneckere, Marie-Geneviève Dezès, Karl Ditt, Michel Dreyfus, Marlene Ellerkamp, Allan Fowler, Marie-Louise Goergen, Rebecca Gumbrell, Karl H. Pohl, Odette Hardy, Richard Hyman, Sandrine Kott, Giuseppe M. Longoni, John Lovell, Kenneth Lunn, Inge Marssolek, Arthur McIvor, Joël Michel, Eric Nijhof, Norbert Olszak, Michel Pigenet Antoine Prost, Vincent Robert, Michael Schneider, Peter Scholliers, Stéphane Sirot, Danielle Tartakowsky, Klaus Tenfelde, Thomas Welskopp, Noël Whiteside, Chris Wrigley
L’invention des syndicalismes
No full textPourquoi des syndicalismes si différents en Grande-Bretagne, en France et en Allemagne dès la fin du XIXe siècle ? Pour répondre à cette question on compare ici le Trade unionism, le syndicalisme révolutionnaire et le mouvement ouvrier allemand de façon très concrète. D’une part, on examine le s d’organisation ouvrières dans des secteurs industriels ou des territoires déterminés (les mineurs, les dockers, le bâtiment, les grandes villes, etc.). D’autre part, on analyse, d’un point de vue toujours comparatif, des productions symboliques (le Premier mai, les discours) ou des formes d’organisation (mutuelles et coopératives, patronat). Chacun des chapitres à été préparé par les meilleurs spécialistes du sujet donné dans les trois pays, parfois étendu à la Belgique et à l’Italie. Plusieurs réunions ont permis de définir une problématique commune. Enfin, les différents tex te sont été discutés à l’occasion d’un colloque international financé par la Commission européenne. On présente ici la version revue et corrigée de ces textes, assortis d’une bibliographie générale. Ont contribué à l ’ouvrage John Barzman, John Belchem, Peter Berkowitz, Manfred Bock, Friedhelm Boll, Rémy Cazals, Jean-Claude Daumas, Jacques Delors, Gita Deneckere, Marie-Geneviève Dezès, Karl Ditt, Michel Dreyfus, Marlene Ellerkamp, Allan Fowler, Marie-Louise Goergen, Rebecca Gumbrell, Karl H. Pohl, Odette Hardy, Richard Hyman, Sandrine Kott, Giuseppe M. Longoni, John Lovell, Kenneth Lunn, Inge Marssolek, Arthur McIvor, Joël Michel, Eric Nijhof, Norbert Olszak, Michel Pigenet Antoine Prost, Vincent Robert, Michael Schneider, Peter Scholliers, Stéphane Sirot, Danielle Tartakowsky, Klaus Tenfelde, Thomas Welskopp, Noël Whiteside, Chris Wrigley
Molecular evaluation of early bladder cancer to improve clinical decision making
No full textBladder cancer (BC) is the 12th most common cancer worldwide, with approximately 5,300 deaths every year in the UK. Currently, diagnosis is only possible through the assessment of the tissue by invasive techniques such as cystoscopy and transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT). Depending on its invasiveness in muscularis propria, it is clinically divided into non-muscle invasive BC (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive BC (MIBC). Low-grade NMIBCs usually undergo surveillance for many years with recurrent cystoscopies and TURBTs, while high-grade tumours are treated with BCG (Bacillus Calmette–Guérin) instillations in addition to life-long surveillance. Although the efficiency and quality of the surgical techniques have improved over the years, BC, even at early stages, continues to have a distinctively high incidence of recurrence and progression to invasive stages.
This project addresses the two main unmet needs of bladder cancer clinical management. First, the need to identify patients who are likely going to recur: all patients must undergo years of surveillance, which is not only extremely unpleasant but also a burden for the health system. Identifying markers that predict recurrence would help clinicians to avoid unnecessary surveillance and promptly provide treatments to those who will recur. Second, there is the necessity to identify patients who will not respond to BCG treatment. In 40% of cases, patients fail to respond to BCG and can have serious side effects. Being able to predict BCG would help nonresponders to have access to alternative treatment straightaway and avoid side effects.
To address these aims, the tumour immune microenvironment was investigated at the RNA and protein levels. Clinical collaborators identified a discovery set of sixty-five archival Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) biopsies, composed mostly of NMIBC but containing also MIBC in order to represent the spectrum of stages and grades. Genes of interest were identified through literature or RNA analysis using the NanoString PanCancer IO 360 panel. To be able to quickly translate our results into the clinic, interesting markers were selected and stained on biopsy’s sections.
Antibodies were optimised in immunohistochemistry and multiplex immunofluorescence with Quantum Dots or Tyramide Signal Amplification fluorophores. Images were analysed with machine learning image analysis and data-driven analysis using a newly identified analysis pipeline.
The composition of the immune cell population in NMIBC showed higher CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells and lower CD68+ macrophages when compared with MIBC. Interestingly, the density of CD8+ cells was also statistically higher in patients that did not recur compared to patients who recurred.
RNA analysis of 27 NMIBCs identified four genes that were differentially expressed in patients who recurred, KIR3DL1, S100A8, CCNA1 and KIR2DL3, while CCND1, LAMB3, SERPINB5, COL17A1 were linked to patients who did no recurred. KIR2DL3, CCNA1, CCND1 and LAMB3 were further evaluated at the protein level in 53 NMIBCs, however, the results did not confirm the earlier discovery.
Interestingly, when comparing the response to BCG treatment in NMIBC, two genes were identified and confirmed to be differentially expressed at the protein level: MMP7 and IFI27. IFI27, also known as ISG12a, was linked to a positive response to BCG, possibly through the regulation of tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and was identified as the most promising marker. IFI27 could identify 78% of BCG responders with a specificity of 76% on a cohort of forty-three patients treated with BCG. Further evaluation of IFI27 immediately before the start of BCG therapy and afterwards could provide a more comprehensive view of its role in the response to BCG
The role of retinoblastoma protein in the development of liver cancer
No full textHepatocellular carcinoma is the sixth most common cancer worldwide with a diverse aetiology. Dysregulation of the Rb pathway can occur in as high as 92% of liver cancers implicating Rb as an important factor in the progression of the disease. The impact Rb loss has on the development of liver cancer was determined using an in vitro system, with Cre-lox technology. The Cre-lox technology enables the lethality of Rb loss in the embryo to be overcome. The regulation of p53, extent of DNA damage and cell cycle control were investigated in Rb-/- hepatocytes. The tumor suppressor p19ᴬᴿᶠ, previously reported to induce stabilisation of p53 was found upregulated. This combined with the localisation of MDM2 in the nucleolus implicates p19ᴬᴿᶠ as an important factor in the stabilisation of p53 in the Rb-/- hepatocytes. The elevated levels of ROS were found to be sufficient to induce DNA damage as measured by an increase in 8-oxo-dG and apurinic and apyrimdinic sites. The regulation of three cyclins, cyclin A, cyclin B and cyclin E is found to lack governance. Analysis of the G2/M checkpoint proteins such as Gadd45a, MAD2 and CDC25a all show a dysregulation in their activities. In conclusion Rb loss leads to aberrant regulation of p53 and induces DNA damage, this superimposed on a background of a lack of cell cycle control predisposes the hepatocyte to becoming a cancerous cell
Dataset in support of the thesis 'The Effect of High-Fat Diet During Mouse Preimplantation and Pregnancy-Lactation on Uterine Fluid Protein Composition, Maternal Metabolism and Offspring Health''
No full textDataset and omic data from Thesis entitled: The Effect of High-Fat Diet During Mouse Preimplantation and Pregnancy-Lactation on Uterine Fluid Protein Composition, Maternal Metabolism and Offspring Health. Author: Irene Peral-Sanchez
The added dataset included raw data generated from the period from Oct 2019 to December 2023.
As explained in the thesis, the data were analyzed using SPSS syntax (hierarchical model) and Prism. The omics data (RNA seq and Proteomics) were additionally studied by String and Gene Ontology, apart from R (collaborators).
If any other questions or clarification is needed, contact the author or main supervisor. </span
20 juin 2015 // Les formes littéraires de la philosophie à l’époque hellénistique et romaine : le stoïcisme
No full textUniversité Paris Est Créteil, LISEA 4395 – Université Paris Sorbonne, EA 4081 Séminaire de philosophie hellénistique et romaine Responsables: A. Gigandet, C. Murgier, F. Prost Les formes littéraires de la philosophie à l’époque hellénistique et romaine : le stoïcisme Samedi 20 juin 10h-16h Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle 94010 Créteil, métro Créteil Université (ligne 8) Campus Centre, Salle i1-233 (2e étage, couloir i1) 10h Sandrine Alexandre (I..
20 juin 2015 // Les formes littéraires de la philosophie à l’époque hellénistique et romaine : le stoïcisme
No full textUniversité Paris Est Créteil, LISEA 4395 – Université Paris Sorbonne, EA 4081 Séminaire de philosophie hellénistique et romaine Responsables: A. Gigandet, C. Murgier, F. Prost Les formes littéraires de la philosophie à l’époque hellénistique et romaine : le stoïcisme Samedi 20 juin 10h-16h Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne, 61 avenue du Général de Gaulle 94010 Créteil, métro Créteil Université (ligne 8) Campus Centre, Salle i1-233 (2e étage, couloir i1) 10h Sandrine Alexandre (I..
TGFbeta induces apoptosis and EMT in primary mouse hepatocytes independently of p53, p21(Cip1) or Rb status
No full textMelville Trust for the Care and Cure of Cancer to SP and SS.Background: TGF beta has pleiotropic effects that range from regulation of proliferation and apoptosis to morphological changes and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Some evidence suggests that these effects may be interconnected. We have recently reported that P53, P21(Cip1) and pRB, three critical regulators of the G1/S transition are variably involved in TGF beta-induced cell cycle arrest in hepatocytes. As these proteins are also involved in the regulation of apoptosis in many circumstances, we investigated their contribution to other relevant TGF beta-induced effects, namely apoptosis and EMT, and examined how the various processes were interrelated. Methods: Primary mouse hepatocytes deficient in p53, p21 and/or Rb, singly or in combination were treated with TGF beta for 24 to 96 hours. Apoptosis was quantified according to morphology and by immunostaining for cleavedcapsase 3. Epithelial and mesenchymal marker expression was studied using immunocytochemistry and real time PCR. Results: We found that TGF beta similarly induced morphological changes regardless of genotype and independently of proliferation index or sensitivity to inhibition of proliferation by TGF beta. Morphological changes were accompanied by decrease in E-cadherin and increased Snail expression but the mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin, SMA alpha and Vimentin) studied remained unchanged. TGF beta induced high levels of apoptosis in p53-/-, Rb-/-, p21(cip1)-/- and control hepatocytes although with slight differences in kinetics. This was unrelated to proliferation or changes in morphology and loss of cell-cell adhesion. However, hepatocytes deficient in both p53 and p21(cip1)were less sensitive to TGF beta-induced apoptosis. Conclusion: Although p53, p21(Cip1) and pRb are well known regulators of both proliferation and apoptosis in response to a multitude of stresses, we conclude that they are critical for TGF beta-driven inhibition of hepatocytes proliferation, but only slightly modulate TGF beta-induced apoptosis. This effect may depend on other parameters such as proliferation and the presence of other regulatory proteins as suggested by the consequences of p53, p21(Cip1) double deficiency. Similarly, p53, p21(Cip1) and pRB deficiency had no effect on the morphological changes and loss of cell adhesion which is thought to be critical for metastasis. This indicates that possible association of these genes with metastasis potential would be unlikely to involve TGF beta-induced EMT.Peer reviewe
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