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The Work of the Sixth Committee of the United Nations General Assembly in 2011
No full textThe Legal Committee of the General Assembly, commonly known as the ‘Sixth Committee’, is one of the Main Committees of the United Nations General Assembly. As its name suggests, it is the subsidiary body of the Assembly in which legal matters are to be considered. In practice, legal questions (including those relating to international law) are, on occasion, also raised in other Main Committees in relation to, for example, disarmament (First Committee) and the protection of human rights (Third Committee). Nonetheless, those issues are raised in particular contexts and linked to the specific competences of those Committees. The Sixth Committee enjoys a general competence over legal matters, without restriction to any specific topic or thematic area. Nor is it, necessarily, limited to considering matters of public international law (although the majority of its work tends to be in that area): it also considers legal questions pertaining more to private international law (such as those relating to trade and international commercial law), as well as the internal rules of organisation, for example, pertaining to the administration of justice within the United Nations. It has even considered some topics which arguably relate to the internal law of the members states of the United Nations
Understanding the Hard/Soft Distinction in International Law
Get PDFA common characterization employed in contemporary international law is that between hard and soft law. A determination that an instrument falls into either category carries with it a series of implications, including that pertaining to the legal consequence of noncompliance with the rules contained in the text. What is at times overlooked is the relatively common phenomenon of the two types of law co-existing, where hard rules provide the context or the limits (boundaries, ceilings, and floors), and the details are filled-out by soft rules. A full appreciation of the resulting legal picture requires not only a familiarity with both types of rules but also an understanding of how they relate to each other. This is explored on two levels: the relative authoritativeness-deficit of the distinction under international law, and the reflection that the ambiguity inherent in the distinction reveals not two, but four, possible outcomes
An Introduction to the Articles on the Responsibility of International Organisations
No full textAs subjects of international law, international organisations are capable of incurring international responsibility for the commission of internationally wrongful acts. Even though this consequence of their status under international law has always been implied, it is only recently that it has been the subject of sustained examination. In 2011, the International Law Commission (ILC) adopted the ‘Draft Articles on the Responsibility of International Organisations’ (2011 RIO articles), which represent a 1 major attempt at elaborating the consequences of breaches of international obligations owed by an international organisation to another subject of international law – whether a state or states or another international organisation. Their elaboration, which has not been without a measure of controversy, also serves as an interesting case-study on the contemporary process of the elaboration of international norms, and the promotion of their progressive development and codification within the context of the ILC
Part II Predominant Security Challenges and International Law, Environmental Security, Ch.31 International Disaster Law
No full textCodification and Progressive Development of International Law: A Legislative History of Article 13(1)(a) of the Charter of the United Nations
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Consideration at the United Nations of an international prohibition on the cloning of human beings
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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