4 research outputs found
La Salle catechists received service awards
No full textFour La Salle catechists received service awards at the Pearl of Great Price Chapel. The honorees were Glorio Prologo, honored for 30 years of service Lucita Que, for 25 years Irma Collera for 20 years and Annie Mojar for 10 years. Present to give the certificates were Bro. Bill Garvey, FSC, Bro. Fidelis Leddy, FSC and Ma. Luisa Lacson
El liderazgo pedagógico directoral y el desempeño docente en la Institución Educativa Parroquial Nuestra Señora de Las Mercedes del Cercado de Lima
No full textEl objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es determinar la relación entre el
liderazgo pedagógico directoral y el desempeño docente en la Institución Educativa
Parroquial Nuestra Señora de Las Mercedes del Cercado de Lima. El tesista ha utilizado
como instrumentos: una ficha de opinión respecto al liderazgo pedagógico directoral, y.
una ficha de observación para el desempeño docente, aplicado a los docentes y miembros
de los padres de familia de la institución educativa antes mencionada; tales instrumentos
fueron validados con opinión de expertos y con el coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach. Se
resume que el liderazgo pedagógico directoral se relaciona significativamente en el
desempeño docente en la Institución Educativa Parroquial Nuestra Señora de Las
Mercedes del Cercado de Lima, implementada a través de tres formas de intervención:
visitas en aula, microtalleres a cargo del acompañamiento y monitoreo pedagógico
directoral, quien brinda soporte pedagógico. La muestra estuvo conformada por 30 sujetos:
15 docentes y 15 miembros de los padres de familia.The objective of this research work is to determine the relationship between principal pedagogical leadership and teacher performance at the Parochial Educational Institution Nuestra Señora de Las Mercedes del Cercado de Lima. The thesis author used the following instruments: an opinion form regarding principal pedagogical leadership, and an observation form for teacher performance, administered to teachers and parents of the aforementioned educational institution. These instruments were validated with expert opinions and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. It is summarized that principal pedagogical leadership is significantly related to teacher performance at the Parochial Educational Institution Nuestra Señora de Las Mercedes del Cercado de Lima, implemented through three forms of intervention: classroom visits, micro-workshops led by accompaniment, and principal pedagogical monitoring, which provides pedagogical support. The sample consisted of 30 subjects: 15 teachers and 15 parents.Escuela de PosgradoChosic
Development of gluten-free and egg-free pasta based on quinoa (Chenopdium quinoa Willd) with addition of lupine flour, vegetable proteins and the oxidizing enzyme POx
No full textThe aim of this research was to develop gluten-free (GF) and egg-free quinoa pasta with high nutritional value. Extruded and non-extruded quinoa (red and white) flour, potato starch, tara gum, and potato, pea and rice protein isolates were investigated in different recipes, some of them included egg white as an initial reference point. Results showed that extruded quinoa flour, potato starch and tara gum had deteriorating effects on GF and egg-free pasta firmness and cooking quality. Lupine flour addition itself was not able to replace egg white when added in the same amounts, but after increasing the concentration to 12%, the firmness and cooking quality decreasing effects could be improved again, especially when tara gum was absent in the formulations. In the final recipe, the content of lupine flour was increased to 30% because its protein is complementary to the quinoa protein. From the three studied protein isolates, pea protein was superior to potato or rice protein, addition of the oxidizing enzyme POx could even further improve texture firmness. After these trials, the final recipe containing lupine flour, pea protein and POx showed satisfying GF noodle quality and possessed a valuable nutritional composition with high protein and dietary fibre content. © 2019, The Author(s).Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico - Fondecy
Review for Religious - Issue 03.4 (July 1944)
No full textIssue 3.4 of the Review for Religious, 1944.JuLY I5, 1944.3
" De,~;o}ion to~fh~ .Pr~cibus BIood"~ : . .... Franclsk. .F..i.l.as
E)owr) of Religious Women ,. ¯ .,. ¯ ; ... ¯ Adam C. Ellis
",,Sabred, HearfPi~ogram, ¯ ¯ ,. ¯ : ¯ .." ¯
App~ar=f=ons, af Faf=m ¯ ’ ;William A. ~Donaghy
Worthmessm. Frequenf Communion ..... ,..
Communicatior~s
Bo"o ~ks R ~evieWed -Ou’es fi6nsA n~s weecrJ~ ’"
~ ’ De s~ ioins of-÷~h e H~)¯I S e ye " "
NUMBER :.4
VOLU~E III. ° JULy .15, 1944 ~" NUMBER,~
CONTENTS ’ ..
:THE DEVOTION TO THE PRECIOUS~ BLOOD~Fran¢is L. Filas,, S J.
BOOKS RECEIVED
~ , ~ ¯ ’ ¯ .... t .... "’ ....... " 223
THE DOWRY OF RELIGIOUS W, OMEN--Adam C.’Ellis, S.J. . .’ . 224
THE¯ SACR.I~D HEAI~T PROGRAM~-Eugene PM’. urphy, S.J ..... 240
"~HE. APPARITIONS AT FATIMA.---William A. Donaghy, S.J. ’~ 245
OUR CONTRIBUTORS . . ., . - ~ .......... t 251
SAFEGUARDING WORTHY RECEPTION IN THE PRACTICe" OF
FREQUENT COMMUNION l~mile Bergh, ~.d. 552
DECISIONS OF TI-iE HOLY SEE OF INTEREST TO RELIGIOU2.S68 :
COMMUNICATIONS (On’ Retreats) ........... "270
UNIFORM VERSION OF MASS ! "" 274
.;~BOOK REVIEWS (Edited by Clement DeMuth,"S.J,)--
Origen, His Life at Alex_andria; National Patriotism in Papal Teaching: ¯
Letters to. Persons in R,eligion:~ La Charte du Royaume Cr~tien; James
. , Laynez, J~suit;\The, Christ: the Son of God: All for Jesus ’ 27~5-
"QIJESTIONS AND ANSWERS-- ’ .
27. Portiuncula Indulgence-in Convent Chapels : ¯ ¯ . ..... 280
~ 28. Mort;q-Sin against Justice and P,o~erty .~ 282-
’.2 2 Superior’s Power to Give Himself Permissions¯ ,. ¯ .’ ¯
¯ -i ~ ~: Z- -*; - , ’ ,. _
REV, IEW FOR RELI.GIOUS. July. 194:4. Vol. III, No. 4-Published bi-monthly: _
January, March, May, July, September,. and November at the College "Press:
606 Harrison Street, Topeka, Kansas, by St. Mary’s’College, St., MarTs, Kansas.
",~ith eccle’~iastical approbation. Entere~d as second class matter Januar:’ 15; 1942.
at the Post Office, To.pek,’a, ’Kansas, under the. a.ct of March 3, 1879.
Editorial Board: Adam C. Ellis, S.J., G. AugustineoEllard, S.3..Gerald ~Kelly,.~ "S.J.’
Copyright, 1944, by Adam C. Ellis. Permission is’hereby granted for qubtltions
of ~reasonable length, provided" due- credit be given this review and the author.
Subscription, price:. 2 dollars ao yea/’. ~ o B’~fore writin9 to us, please consult notice on inside, back cover.
Precious
t~rancis L. Filas,
iN ~-HE rich devotional !ire of the Church we are enc~ur-
| ,_.,aged to honbr, our Lord s, sacred humanity under various
aspects, gaining thereby a keener insigh.t into the.,attrac-,.
°tire, compel!ing beauty of His character. All these-devo-tions
that center ardund Christ hav~ the common aim of
?tr~n.gthening our lov~ and calling for our imitation, Most_
of them restrict themselves to a well-defined period or pliase
of His life, such as the Holy Childhood, the Passion, or
the Blessed’ Sacrament, but this ordinary ~ule.does not hold.~
i~a the case-of the devotions to the Sadred Heart and to the
Precious Blood. These two can be applied to any period_
or phrase, of’ Christ’s life~, ~¢hether on earth, in Heaven, or in
the Holy Eucharist.
What ~s ~he essence o]~ the devotion to the Preciou~~
,-~Blood?--The question does .not appear to be answered
directlyqr~ any autho?itative document of the Church, but"
we :can arrive at. a safe conclusi6"n by considering ~he’ lan-guage
of Holy Scripture, the liturgy, and the°decrees o1~
various popes. These .sources indicate that the devoti6r~~
consistsbf the_..adoration of the blood of Christmas the sym-
,b~oI an_d particularly as the meang of our _~ed¢mption; th~
Precious-Blood is the spiritual drink which wins eve~lasting-
~life for our souls and° glorio~us resurrection ,for our bodies.
" "~’hus, dfter the mirac-ulou~ feeding of tile’five thousand,
des_us sa~d, "Amen, amen; I say to you, unless you e~t ihe
flesh’ of the.Son of Man and drifil~ His blood, yoff shall-not
have life in you. He who eats" My flesh and drinks My
blood has.life, everlasting, and I will raise,him’ up on the l~is[
~~ ~-2"~ F~^NCIS L. FIL/~S - ,~ o" "t Review for~Retigiott~ o
d~y" (John. 6:54-55)i’-; and at the~ Last-Supper J, esus sol-~
-. o~:’. _ .emnly. affirrned~ "This is My blood..of the new covenant..~.
which is b.~i.ng shed for ;haany Unto the forgiv#nes-sLof sins’.’
.~M;atthe-w 26:28)
,*-’ i " St.~Peter’s words are classic, "You know~that~ you
~. , were redeemed from the vain manner of life handed down
÷~ " from~your fathers~ not with perishable thing.s, w.ith silv~’~
or ~old, but with the ~precious blood of Chr!st, .as Of a lamb-
-’~ .i-~ _witbdut blemish.and without .spot" (1 Peter 1:18-19).
.Oo, in the AlSocalypse (5:9) one of th~ songs .of praise ~to.
0_ sthcreo Llla’amnbd otof oGpoedn bit,se gseinasls, ;" f.oWr-oTrhthoyu awrta sTt hsolaui nto’a t_ankd~- ht~het"
- redeefiaed-us for God witl5" Thy blood.~’ St..Pau! purst.~es
~- .o the :sime._t.l?ought in the epistl~ to the Ephesians~ (1:7):
- "Iff Him we have~r&lemption through His blo0~, ~the
" remission of sins,~ acci3~rding to the riches of His grace.7
Iia the lit~ur~y the prayer for, the feast:of (he Precibus Blood
~calls the blood of.the Redeemer the,~"price,-of dur sa_lvhti’on,"
.and the mehns by which God in His ju.stic_e "willed t~
accept’satisfaction." Moreover, at every Mass (’which-is,
of course, the" renewal of th~ sacrifice of Cal.vary.):the
.Church sets forth the Precious Blood for our adoratidn.
In 1’34.3 Pope Cle~e~at VI. declared that .a singl~ ~drop~’-
-:of’the Precioug Blood wourd have sufficed to ~redeem us.
al[hough as a matter of fact Christ in His generosity willed
~.2_ to atone for our sins" not~.lSy this one_ drop aldne but by a
~- ’.’eopi~us sheddihg of His blood.’’1 Almost a hundred
~ years ago, when.Pius IX~ex~effded the.feast of the~Precious
[- ~Blood to the-whole Church, he officially stated that "we
-~ _have-been redeemed in the blood of-our Lord Jesus;Chris’t ....
.’. which cleanse~us frpmMl,stain. Antiif in Egypt the
:.~ ~’houSes that were sprinkled w.it~a the blood of a lamb were
- ¯ savedfrom the wrath of God, how much more w:ill~those
aBhll, Un)geni~us Dei ~Filius; DB 550. "
218"
~ -~-d-l~t, i~9~14~ "~ " THE DEVOTIOn’TO THE PRECIOUS BE~D
~ ~,persons. escape -that:wrath’ "nay, they.will- 5e filled-with
.~_ ~e~ and .gra~e ~wb~ ~enerate and adore the blood o~ our
Savior ~ith ~peci~l devotibn.’’~ Finaliy,.in 1934 a decree~
~o~ PiusXI again set forth this same doctrine’in i~s re~erence
’,~ to the "Precious Blood o~ Christ, ~by which we ,have been
~ed~emed."~
" ~ ~o appreciate the.devotion t~oroughly, we bugbt to
:~’ understafid the p~ihciples on which it is based. To begin
with-a ~ndamental-idea, we adore the human Bature of
our blessed Lord becauseit was assumed by the Second Per-
~_ son o~ the Blessed Trinity; for whatever belongs to a per-
¯ "- son ~ubstantially, deserves the same respect as is accorded to
’th~per~on. In this case-the Person is God; there~bre, the
human n~ture which He took to Himsel~ shouI~ be adored.
In bri~est compass, the man 3esus Christ is God.
,~ -’: S~. Athanasius explains tBe matter in these.@ords: "By
~ no means do we adore a creature; this is an error o~,-tbe
:~ ~. pagans-and the Arian .heretics. We adore the Lord o~ the
creature,, the Word made flesh, for.although the flesh is o~
itse~ something created, it ha~-become the body of Go~d.
"Who is so fbolish ,as to say to our Lord, ’Go out o~ Thy
~, body ip order that"I may adore T~ee’?""
.In honoring the Precious Blood .we honor Christ, for
"" ~be’Precious’Blood is a p~rt of Hishuman nature. Here~
we follow a principle which i~ universally observed in
-~daily life, "namely~ that "honor paid to a part o~a person
’" "i~ paid to the person to whom the part belongs." When
people shake hands in greeting each other, no, one ~upposes
that the greeting is nbt from person to person simply
because the hands alone express it;- Or in~ thetraditional
"" example of the beggar who kisses the hand o~ his benefactor
~."A~thent. CollecL Decret. ~. R. C. n. 2978.
xaAAS, 26, 560,
4Letter to ~Adelphius. n: 3: MPG 261 1073.
219
AlqCIS L’. FILAS ~ Revi2u~ f6r Religious
it is clear that the" hand is~only thd instrument of the g~ne’r-o~
ity o~f the benefactorl In_a certain sefise (though in an~ 0
imrh’easurably superior degree and more excelIent ma.z~ner) -
we honor the.preciou~s Blood just as W~ honor the fingers°
of the virtuoso or the voice of the opera star...
The Church’has always exercised great prudence qn
~guarding the orthodoxy and propriety of the devo6c~ns
that center around our Lord: For example, in 182-g andl~
18635 the Congregation of Sacred Rites declared that relics
.tinge~ with the blood of Christ were not to be a-dqred as
was.the Blessed Sacrament, nor w~re they to..be placed in
the tabernacle" ~ith the Sacred Host; they were" to be~
granted only such veneration as is accord’ed::relics of tlae~
~True Cross. This wise regulation was based oia the fact.
that if the blood was ~ctually the blood shed~by our Lor~l "
during the Passiog, its separate existence now merely
pioved that it was not reassumed into the glorified body
of Christ when He arose from the dead. In other words.it
v)as no lbnger the b1’ood’of the living Savior.
St. Thomas A~uinas proposes a.nother, possible reason
in his, belief that "the blood which is preserved in ceitain
churehes as a reli did not flow from the side of Christ,.but
is said ,to have flowed miraculously °from some ima~ge~ of
,Christ.’’~ Clearly, even blood from a-miraculou, sly bleeding :-
image or Host cannot be the blood of the living 3esus, for-~
’~We know thatChrist, having risen from the dead, dies
now no more, death shall nO longer have dominion over.’;
Him" (Romans 6:9), and He can. no longer shed His~..
blood. We posses, s the Precious Blood of’-the.living Chrisv
only under the veils of the sacramental species. -~ "
¯ So rhuch for the theological¯ aspect of the devotion.~ His2
torically,’ the lives7 6f the saints of all ages sho~ h~w
5Authent. Collect. Decret. 8. R. C., n. 2660 and n. 3176.
OSurama Tobeologica, 3a, q.54. art. 2.
220 ~
/ ~ J’ul~, 1944 THE DEVOTION TO TH~ PRECIOUS BLooD -
deeply.th.ey reveri~d ~th~’blood shed for our redemption.
During the early sevehteenth century confraternities were
ojganized in Spain whose purpose W~;s to venerate~ the Pre-~
cious Blood. Th2e forerunner of the present Archc6nfra-ternity
Of the Most Precious Blood was established in-1"808
’- y Msgr. Albertini; a priest ~of Rome. Its members were to
meditate Often on the Passion and w, ere to offer the Precious
Blood to God for atonement and for the dire needs of the
times. "Plus VII raised it to the rank of arcbconfrat~erfi’ity
in 1815. In 1850 an English branch was erected: in the
London Oratory, and it was in commemoration of the tenth
,anniversary of this in, troduction in[o.London that Father°
Frederick Faber wrote his choice work, The Precious Blood.
For a full development of the place of the Precious Blood
in our spiritual lif~ Father Faber’s ~book can be consulted
with grea~ profit.
Various women’s congiegations of the Precious Blood
had their or.ig!n in the last century, but all of them are ante-dated
by°the institute
- oPredious Blood, founded by Blessed (3aspare del Bufalo in~
-18.15. The third superior-general of this institute,, Don
Giovanni.M~rlini, ,was with Pius IX at the time of. his exile
at Gaeta. He suggested to the Pope that the feast of the
Pre~ious Blood be e~tended to the entire Church in order
thalt God.might grant peace again t6 the papal-states. On
the very day that Plus decided to take this step---June 30,
1849~--the insurgents in Rome s~rrendered. Grateful!y
th~ Pope set the date of the feast on the next day, ~hich
was the first Sunday of~ July, to be celebrated as a double
,of the second class.
"£1uly 1st when th, e Breviary and Missal were reformed by
Pius,X in 1913. In 1934 pius XI elevated it tS a rank of.~.
double of the first class !n order to commemorate the nine-,,,
~Authent. Collect. Decret. 8. R. C. n. 2978.
221
te~nth,ce.ntenary of:our Redemption.~
Review /’or ReligiouS"
Turning how to consider the place of th~ Pr?cious,
Blbod in the contemplation c~f’Christ’s life, we find that it
~bears uni~’ersal applic~ition. At Bethelehem we can: behold_~
the Infant in the manger, in whose veins flows the bliJod~
that v)ill one. day. redgem us on Calvary. At the Circum-cision
we see the first shedding°of the Precious BlOod; Jesus
- sub.mits to a law- for human° beings in order to be like us in’
all things, sin alone excepted. Throfighout the Hidden
and the Public Lif~ the Child and later the Man ~ontinues.
to grow in the strerigth’and beauty which the Precious
~Blood nourishes iri His sac~ed body.
~ ~, In Gethsemani the prospect of. bearing’th4 weight’-,of.
our iniq.uities-and of suffering in vain for so many men"
ov~rcom~s~ur Lord. He voluntarily permits anguish and
fear to seize Him to Such an extent that the Precious Blood-’-
;trickles in heavy drops, upon the ground. Durigg th~
S_courging,. the Crownin.g with Thorns, and the. three
hours on ~he Cros.s,. He offers His blood in paying the price
, for the sins of mankind. "
Here there appears a striking characteristic of the devo-tion
to the Precious Blood: it demonstrates the tremendoui
realit~ of the Passion, the truth’that. Jesus actually did
undergo suffering. For us the shedding of blood is an
ffnpleasant sight, difficult to bear. We instinctively-stri~e
to dismiss such a picture from our imagination; its pot- -
trayal-o~ suffering is too vivid. But in the case of our Lord,
,-the sight of the shedding of the Precious Blood drives home
the re.alization ~hat Jesus. bore actual disgrace and con.temp~
-and pain with utmost selflessness for love of us as iffdi--
v~duals, and we can more easily make our own the applica-~
tion of St. Paul, "He loved me and gave Himself up for
me, (Galatians 2:20). 0 o’" -
~ Julg, 1944 THE ’DE~rOTION-TO¢THI~ #REcIous BLOOD"
" .Y~et the Precious BlOod’ is not~ connected sol~fy with tl4e
PaSsion. "After the Resurrection it surges joyously through
~he "glorified body of Jesus, to show" us the ultimat~e tri-u,
mph of Christ’s cross and the ultimate triumph of our,
cross when we ~carry it, united, to Him. Jesus is,glgrified in
Heaven now, ,but on earth none the less we can daily receive
Hi~.~Preci~us Blood in Holy Communion, for we .r~ceive
Chri~st whole and entire, body and blood, soul rind.divinity,
*par[aking of the pledge of eternal life th~it’draws u~ to’look_:
forward to the day when the pilgrimage and time of trial
will be o~er, and body will rejoin soul for a blessed eternity.
\
"" Books Received
~ (From April 20 to June 20) .~
B. HERDER BOOK CO,, St. Louis.
Origen: His ~Li[e at Alexandria. By Ren~ Cadiou. Translated by "John A~
~South~well. 5.00.
Paul of Tarsus. By theRight Reverend Joseph Holzner. Translated by the
Reverend Frederic Eckhoff. 3’.00.
_~THE NEWMAN BOOKSHOP, Westminster. Md.
Letters to Persons in Religion. B’y St. Francis de Sales. Translated by the-,
Reverend Henry Benedict Mackey, O.S.B. 1.50. All for Jesus. By the Rever-end
Frederick William Faber, D.D. 2.50.
-ri~HE BRUCE PUBLISHING COMPANY, Milwaukee~
.M~ Father’~ Will. By the Reverend Francis J. McGarrigle, S.J., Ph.D. 2.00.
" FIDES, 3425, rue Saint-Denis, Montreal.
La Charte du Rog~ume Chr~tien. Par le R~v~rend P~re A’drien Malo, O.F.M.
:’223
The Dowry ot:
Religious Women
Adam C. Ellis, S.3.
IN.T.HE middle ages monasteries of nuns were supported
by income derived .from permanent revenues. At tha’t
time, when all Europe was Catholic, popes, kings, and
princes, as well as other devout and wealthy C~ith01~cs,
considered the foundation of’a monastery an act of r~l.igion
as well as a privilege. .By a foian~lation they understood
not only the building of the monastery, but also an endow-ment.
This endowment consisted ot~ lands and other
reyenues to pr.gvide foJ~ the temporal needs of kthe com-mu.
ni.t~. ~’hus the nuns ~ould devote ~hemselves~exclusivel~r
.to the l~ife of prayer and contemplation ,which was the main
purpose of their life.
In the .course of time, however, various difficulties ~rose.
oSnomlye. afo sumndaaltli onnus mwebreer r eolfa tnivuenl-sy. sMm~olrle a fcfadn cdoiudlda tseus.p wp0errte
~recei’ired than tlSe ordinary resou’rces of the convent cbuld
maintain. Then too, in the course of time some founda:
tions diminished in value and became" insufficient to suppqrt
the number.of nuns originally intended. Finally, the diffi-.
cult times of.the reformation were not propitious to ~he
founding~of new mQnasteries, and, of the ol}t’offes, many
had to be closed, while others continued to exist-ofily
destitfftion. -Th~se difficulties ,eventually had to be solved
¯ by the religious dgwry:
Saint Charles Borrbmeo is usually considered~ to b_e the
first author of an ecclesiastical law exacting a dowry from
women who wished to enter religion’. The;legislation he
enacted in the First and Second Prdvincial Councils :.dr
-~ . THE DOWRY OF RELIGIOUS WOMEN
Milan .(156~; 1569~ became the basis for later papa.l
enactrfients which, in turn, have been mcorporated,-~wlth
some modifications, into the’Code of Canon Law.
Meaning ot: Dowrg
By "dowry is. meant a definit~ sum 6f money,.or its
": equi:valent, to be p~aid by a postulant to ~he cpmmuni~y in
which she Wishes to make her reli~gi~us profession, the pri-mary
purpose of which is her entire of a~t l~ast parti.al sup-o~
port as long as she remains a member of the Community..
The dowry, ther~efore, is not a price paid for admission
into re_ligion. To accept or demand anything as a price for
admission to religion would be to commit the sin of.
slmofiy, as the Church has declared over and over figain.
N~ither is the dowry to be confused with the paym.ent of a
definit~ amount of money for board and clothing during
the time of postulancy and novitiate as provided° for in
can.on 570. This sum’of money a relatively .small’
¯ amount.--is actua!ly speht on the postulant or novice~by
feeding her and providing~er with the religious habit.
The essential characteristic of the ~o~ry is that it is a
’capital sum which must be pre.served during the lifetime of
: thd iel!gious (nun or sister) in order ~hat th~ income
derived from it may wholly or partially supRort her. This
i~ the primary purpdse bf the dowry. A’secondary purpose
is ~0_prov~ide for her support in the evefit that she should~
return to the world. For this reason the dowry must be o
returned .to her if she leaves religion. This secondary pur,-
pose will be considered in greater detail later.-
Need o~ Dowry/~or,Nuns
Since the beginning of the seventeenth century the .Hgly
~See, has required that all ’mdnas(eries of riuns demand,a
dowry for both choir nuns and lay sisters. The legislation
of the Code is contained in canon 547, § 1 :
" 225
.... ¯ b~D~/d ~. ELLIS Revie~ ~or ,Religious
In the mona~fffr~es of nuns, the .pdsfulanf shall provide $h~. down,.
fixe~ by the constitutions or determined by lawful custom.
~ ~ - Therefore, every ~ostul~nt~ in a monastery of nuns
must-b?ing a dowry. There is no choice~in the matter. The
amount to be provided. ~s 6sually determined~by the c0nsti .....
. ~tu~ions; but, if the constitutiofis are silent on the subject,~
~then custom will ~etermine the amount. It is allowed to
require a smaller amount from’la~ sisters than. from choir
¯ sisters; but the sum m~st be tbe same ~oc all tile members o~
" the same group.
~ .Wemight mention here ~a~ in this article we are using
226 ~
"the terms order,’congregation, nun, and sister in the ~trictly.
tdchnical senses defined in canon 488. An order is an. lnstl:: "
tut~ whose members make profession of-solemn vows;ca
congrefqtion~is an_institute whose members make profes-~
sion of simple vows only, whether perpetUal or temporary.,~
~ nun ts a religious woman with solemn vows or whose : .
vows are normally solemn, but which, by a disposition
tl’ie Holy See, are simple in certain regions--as is the cade
with most nuns in the United States.
gome monasteries of nuns have a few extern sisters who
¯ take care of the temporal needs of the’nuns and of all con-tarts
with~the 6utside world. On’ 3uly 16, 1931,. the-
Sacred Congregation of Religious issued a set of statut, es for
such extern sisters, and thesd statutes are obligatory for all ..
rrionasteries which have such sisters. Articl 51 Of these
statutes reads as foilows: "No dowry is demanded for,
e-xtern sisters ;" but-each aspirar~t shall bring ~uch go.ods a~a~l
clothing as are prescribed by the" superior of the monasZ -
tery.
olt is forbidden, therefore, to demand a dowry from- ¯
extern sisters. Should a..candidate, however, freely offer a
dowry, it may be accepted; and, if accepted, it will be sub-jecLto
all the regulations of 0 the Code regarding the dowry.
,lulg; 194~ ’ ~~ THEDOWRY OF RELIGIOUS WOM~N
;~-’_ Necessit~l, of Dowr,~t_in Cofigregatiob~ of 8-[stets ,
¯ " -Bef6re"the Code: legislation for congregations of ~eli-gious-
wom~.n, as cofftrasted:with or_ders ~of nuns was con-~
tained ifi ~the Normae 6f 1901. Articl~ 91 of the Norroae
required that every institute, of sisters" with. Simple vows= ~ .
must determine the amount of the dowry to be proiridedby
bot~ choir and lay sisters. The ~ub~tance of this article
was embodied" in the constitutions of all congregations
apl~roved by the Holy See before the Code. Exce
