170 research outputs found
Replication Data for: LAWS IN CONFLICT: Legacies of War, Gender, and Legal Pluralism in Chechnya
No full textHow do legacies of conflict affect choices between state and nonstate legal institutions? This article studies this question in Chechnya, where state law coexists with Sharia and customary law. The author focuses on the effect of conflict-induced disruption of gender hierarchies, because nonstate legal orders are explicitly discriminatory against women. The author finds that women in Chechnya are more likely to rely on state law than men and that this gender gap in legal preferences and behavior is especially large in more-victimized communities. The author infers from this that the conflict created the conditions for women in Chechnya to pursue their interests through state law—albeit not without resistance. Women’s legal mobilization has generated a backlash from the Chechen government, which has attempted to reinstate a patriarchal order. The article concludes that such conflict may induce legal mobilization among the weak and that gender might become a central cleavage during state-building processes in postconflict environments
Replication Data for: LAWS IN CONFLICT: Legacies of War, Gender, and Legal Pluralism in Chechnya
No full textHow do legacies of conflict affect choices between state and nonstate legal institutions? This article studies this question in Chechnya, where state law coexists with Sharia and customary law. The author focuses on the effect of conflict-induced disruption of gender hierarchies, because nonstate legal orders are explicitly discriminatory against women. The author finds that women in Chechnya are more likely to rely on state law than men and that this gender gap in legal preferences and behavior is especially large in more-victimized communities. The author infers from this that the conflict created the conditions for women in Chechnya to pursue their interests through state law—albeit not without resistance. Women’s legal mobilization has generated a backlash from the Chechen government, which has attempted to reinstate a patriarchal order. The article concludes that such conflict may induce legal mobilization among the weak and that gender might become a central cleavage during state-building processes in postconflict environments
Corrigendum to isolation and phylogenetic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 variants collected in Russia during the COVID-19 outbreak [Int. J. Infect. Dis. 99 (2020) 40-46] (International Journal of Infectious Diseases (2020) 99(40-46) (S120197122030566X), (10.1016/j.ijid.2020.07.024))
No full textThe authors regret that the affiliation for Egor Prokhortchoukd was incorrect. This has now been corrected as above. The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused. © 2020 The Author(s
The X-linked methyl binding protein gene Kaiso is highly expressed in brain but is not mutated in Rett syndrome patients
No full textRett syndrome (RTT; OMIM 312750) is an X-linked dominant neurological disorder, which affects mostly females. It is associated with mutations of the MECP2 gene, codifying for a methyl-CpG DNA binding protein of the MBDs family, sharing the common Methyl Binding Domain. MeCP2 binds single methylated CpG pair and brings transcriptional silencing to the substrate DNA templates. However, around 5-10% of clinically well defined RTT patients do not show any mutations in this gene. Several hypotheses have been postulated to clarify the remaining unexplained RTT cases. We pointed our attention on Kaiso gene. This gene is localized in the Xq23 region and codifies for a protein acting as a methyl-CpG binding protein by using three zinc-finger domains: for this reason it is not strictly related to the MBD family of proteins, even if it may repress transcription of methylated genes as well.
To investigate the potential association of Kaiso disfunction with pathogenesis of Rett syndrome, we approached the analysis at two different levels. Primarily, we performed an itemized murine brain expression analysis of Kaiso gene. Expression data and localization made it an excellent candidate as additional causative gene for MECP2 negative, classical RTT patients. On the bases of this data a detailed mutational analysis of 44 patients from Spanish, UK, and Italian archives has been performed to the coding region of Kaiso. No mutation was found while a very frequent polymorphism was identified and characterized. Our study Suggests that this gene is not implicated in the RTT Molecular pathogenesis, but additional analyses are needed to exclude it as causative gene for X-linked mental retardation disorders. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
The cell biology of DNA methylation in mammals
No full textAbstractIn this review, we will provide a brief reminder of epigenetic phenomena in general, and DNA methylation in particular. We will then underline the characteristics of the in vivo organization of the genome that limit the applicability of in vitro results. We will use several examples to point out the connections between DNA methylation and nuclear architecture. Finally, we will outline some of the hopes and challenges for future research in the field. The study of DNA methylation, its effectors, and its roles, illustrates the complementarity of in vitro approaches and cell biology
Kaiso is a genome-wide repressor of transcription that is essential for amphibian development
No full textDNA methylation in animals is thought to repress transcription via methyl-CpG specific binding proteins, which recruit enzymatic machinery promoting the formation of inactive chromatin at targeted loci. Loss of DNA methylation can result in the activation of normally silent genes during mouse and amphibian development. Paradoxically, global changes in gene expression have not been observed in mice that are null for the methyl-CpG specific repressors MeCP2, MBD1 or MBD2. Here, we demonstrate that xKaiso, a novel methyl-CpG specific repressor protein, is required to maintain transcription silencing during early Xenopus laevis development. In the absence of xKaiso function, premature zygotic gene expression occurs before the mid-blastula transition (MBT). Subsequent phenotypes (developmental arrest and apoptosis) strongly resemble those observed for hypomethylated embryos. Injection of wild-type human kaiso mRNA can rescue the phenotype and associated gene expression changes of xKaiso-depleted embryos. Our results, including gene expression profiling, are consistent with an essential role for xKaiso as a global repressor of methylated genes during early vertebrate development
Kaiso-deficient mice show resistance to intestinal cancer
Get PDFKaiso is a BTB domain protein that associates with the signaling molecule p120-catenin and binds to the methylated sequence mCGmCG or the nonmethylated sequence CTGCNA to modulate transcription. In Xenopus laevis, xKaiso deficiency leads to embryonic death accompanied by premature gene activation in blastulae and upregulation of the xWnt11 gene. Kaiso has also been proposed to play an essential role in mammalian synapse-specific transcription. We disrupted the Kaiso gene in mice to assess its role in mammalian development. Kaiso-null mice were viable and fertile, with no detectable abnormalities of development or gene expression. However, when crossed with tumor-susceptible Apc(Min/+) mice, Kaiso-null mice showed a delayed onset of intestinal tumorigenesis. Kaiso was found to be upregulated in murine intestinal tumors and is expressed in human colon cancers. Our data suggest that Kaiso plays a role in intestinal cancer and may therefore represent a potential target for therapeutic intervention
Electron emission from H-terminated diamond enhanced by polypyrrole grafting
No full textElectron emission plays an important role in diverse applications, from cold cathodes to chemical processes (solvated electrons, water purification), energy generation (thermionic or dye-sensitized solar cells), and even cancer treatment. Here we show that by surface treatment using electrochemically grown polypyrrole the secondary-electron emission and photoelectron emission from boron-doped diamond is enhanced even above the intensity of electron emission from the hydrogen-terminated surface with negative electron affinity. This enhancement is stable in air for at least one month and it persists also in vacuum after thermal annealing. Scanning electron microscopy, Kelvin probe force microscopy, total photoelectron yield spectroscopy as well as surface mapping by Auger and secondary ion mass spectroscopies are used to characterize and correlate the surface electronic and chemical properties. A model of the electron emission enhancement is provided. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Theworkhasbeensupportedby the projects CAAS(CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000778), CEITEC Nanothorn (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001728) and Solid21 (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000760). We acknowledge also CzechNanoLab Research Infrastructure supported by MEYS CR (LM2018110). Kind support from JSPS is gratefully appreciated (BR, DT).Ukraintsev, E (corresponding author), Czech Tech Univ, Fac Elect Engn, Tech 2, Prague 6 16627, Czech Republic.
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Analytical and numerical computation and study of long-periodic motions originating from hyperboloidal precession of a symmetric satellite
No full textУправление валютным риском нефинансовых предприятий с использованием производных финансовых инструментов
Get PDFАннотация к выпускной квалификационной работе Федосова Е.М. на тему "Управление валютным риском: подходы и методы" Профиль: «Финансы, кредит, страхование и учёт» Научный руководитель: к.э.н., доцент Дарушин И.А. Макроэкономические изменения современной экономики влекут за собой возникновение разного рода рисков, среди которых можно выделить финансовые риски, которые, в свою очередь, включают риски валютные. С валютными рисками сталкиваются многие компании, однако практика показывает, что далеко не всегда применяемые методы смягчения негативного эффекта от реализации таких рисков являются эффективными. Отечественный рынок производных финансовых инструментов динамично развивается, при этом российские нефинансовые компании не в полной мере используют его потенциал для хеджирования своих валютных рисков. Объектом настоящего исследования является феномен валютного риска, а субъектом – методы эффективного управления риском такого типа в нефинансовых предприятиях с использованием производных финансовых инструментов. Целью данной работы является исследование основных методов управления валют-ным риском нефинансовых предприятий, в том числе – предполагающих использование производных финансовых инструментов, а также определение проблем, характерных для подходов к управлению валютным риском, используемых в России в настоящее время. В ходе реализации указанной цели автор определяет содержание понятия «валютный риск», выявляет факторы, которые ведут к возникновению валютных рисков у предприятий различных сфер экономики, рассматривает как условные, так и реальные примеры применения деривативов для хеджирования валютных рисков российскими компаниями. Также автор анализирует основные тенденции и выявляет проблемы, характерные для подходов к использованию деривативов для снижения валютных рисков, используемых российскими компаниями. Федосов, Е.М. Управление валютным риском: подходы и методы: выпускная квалификационная работа бакалавра: защищена 29.05.2017 / Федосов Егор Михайлович. – СПб., 2017. – 51 с. – Библиогр.: с. 48-51.Abstarct to the diploma by Egor Fedosov Currency risk management: approaches and methods Finance, Credit, Insurance and Accounting Research instructor: p.h.d. Ivan Darushin, Associate Professor Macroeconomic changes of the modern economy cause the risks of different kinds; one of them is a financial risk. Financial risk can be divided into some groups too; and one of these groups is the currency exchange risk. Many companies face the currency risk, but we can see that methods of risk management are not always efficient. The object of that research is a phenomenon of exchange risk, the subject - methods of the efficient currency risk management in non-financial companies using the derivatives. The purpose of that paper is analysis of the main currency risk management instruments including those which are based on the using of derivatives and specification of the problems which are actual for the currency risk management strategies used in the modern Russian economy. While realizing these goals the author determines the concept of the currency risk, discovers some factors which lead to the appearance of the exchange risks of different types. The author uses both theoretical and practical examples of using of the derivatives by the Russian companies in order to reduce the currency risk exposure
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