29 research outputs found
Using telepractice to coach parents to implement function-based intervention: a mixed-methods study
No full textChallenging behaviors such as self-injurious behavior, aggression, and severe tantrums are a major issue for individuals with disabilities and their family members. A multiple probe single-case research study was conducted with three families who had young children with challenging behavior. The purpose of the study was to evaluate, using mixed methods, the effectiveness of a parent training and coaching program, delivered via telepractice, for implementing a function-based intervention with three children. The parent training and coaching program was effective in developing proficiency and confidence in parents’ strategy use. In addition, children’s challenging behavior decreased. Families stated that they benefited from the study and were satisfied with the goals, procedures, and outcomes of the intervention. Most of the telepractice procedures were successful; however, several issues related to technology were discovered which need to be considered in future research.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2019-12-01The student, Moon Chung, accepted the attached license on 2017-10-11 at 15:32.The student, Moon Chung, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2017-10-11 at 15:34.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2017-10-13 at 15:20.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #11681 on 2018-03-13 at 09:55:19Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-13T15:21:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2017-10-13Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 105149
Lift date: 2020-03-13T15:21:19Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 105149
Lift date: 2020-03-13T15:25:40Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 105149
Lift date: 2020-03-13T15:28:52Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 105149 on 2020-03-14T09:15:19Z
The modified Thomas test is not a valid measure of hip extension unless pelvic tilt is controlled
No full textabstract: The modified Thomas test was developed to assess the presence of hip flexion contracture and to measure hip extensibility. Despite its widespread use, to the authors’ knowledge, its criterion reference validity has not yet been investigated. The purpose of this study was to assess the criterion reference validity of the modified Thomas test for measuring peak hip extension angle and hip extension deficits, as defined by the hip not being able to extend to 0º, or neutral. Twenty-nine healthy college students (age = 22.00 ± 3.80 years; height = 1.71 ± 0.09 m; body mass = 70.00 ± 15.60 kg) were recruited for this study. Bland–Altman plots revealed poor validity for the modified Thomas test’s ability to measure hip extension, which could not be explained by differences in hip flexion ability alone. The modified Thomas test displayed a sensitivity of 31.82% (95% CI [13.86–54.87]) and a specificity of 57.14% (95% CI [18.41–90.10]) for testing hip extension deficits. It appears, however, that by controlling pelvic tilt, much of this variance can be accounted for (r = 0.98). When pelvic tilt is not controlled, the modified Thomas test displays poor criterion reference validity and, as per previous studies, poor reliability. However, when pelvic tilt is controlled, the modified Thomas test appears to be a valid test for evaluating peak hip extension angle.The final version of this article, as published in PeerJ, can be viewed online at: https://peerj.com/articles/2325
Acute effects of anterior thigh foam rolling on hip angle, knee angle, and rectus femoris length in the modified Thomas test
No full textabstract: Background. Foam rolling has been shown to acutely increase range of motion (ROM) during knee flexion and hip flexion with the experimenter applying an external force, yet no study to date has measured hip extensibility as a result of foam rolling with controlled knee flexion and hip extension moments. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of foam rolling on hip extension, knee flexion, and rectus femoris length during the modified Thomas test.
Methods. Twenty-three healthy participants (male = 7; female = 16; age = 22 ± 3.3 years; height = 170 ± 9.18 cm; mass = 67.7 ± 14.9 kg) performed two, one-minute bouts of foam rolling applied to the anterior thigh. Hip extension and knee flexion were measured via motion capture before and after the foam rolling intervention, from which rectus femoris length was calculated.
Results. Although the increase in hip extension (change = +1.86° (+0.11, +3.61); z(22) = 2.08; p = 0.0372; Pearson’s r = 0.43 (0.02, 0.72)) was not due to chance alone, it cannot be said that the observed changes in knee flexion (change = −1.39° (−5.53, +2.75); t(22) = −0.70; p = 0.4933; Cohen’s d = − 0.15 (−0.58, 0.29)) or rectus femoris length (change = −0.005 (−0.013, +0.003); t(22) = −1.30; p = 0.2070; Cohen’s d = − 0.27 (−0.70, 0.16)) were not due to chance alone.
Conclusions. Although a small change in hip extension was observed, no changes in knee flexion or rectus femoris length were observed. From these data, it appears unlikely that foam rolling applied to the anterior thigh will improve passive hip extension and knee flexion ROM, especially if performed in combination with a dynamic stretching protocol.The final version of this article, as published in PeerJ, can be viewed online at: https://peerj.com/articles/1281
Interplay between network configurations and network governance mechanisms in supply networks a systematic literature review
No full textPurpose: This work systematically reviews the extant academic management literature on supply networks. It specifically examines how network configurations and network governance mechanisms influence each other in supply networks.
Design: 125 analytical and empirical studies were identified using an evidence-based approach to review the literature mainly published between 1985 and 2012.
Synthesis: Drawing on a multi-disciplinary theoretical foundation, this work develops an integrative framework to identify three distinct yet interdependent themes that characterize the study of supply networks: a) Network Configurations (structures and relationships); b) Network Governance Mechanisms (formal and informal); and c) The Interplay between Network Configurations and Network Governance Mechanisms.
Findings: Network configurations and network governance mechanisms mutually influence each other and cannot be considered in isolation. Formal and informal governance mechanisms provide better control when used as complements rather than as substitutes. The choice of governance mechanism depends on the nature of exchange; role of management; desired level of control; level of flexibility in formal contracts; and complementary role of formal and informal governance mechanism.
Research implications: This nascent field has thematic and methodological research opportunities for academics. Comparative network analysis using longitudinal case studies offers a rich area for further study.
Practical Implications: The complexity surrounding the conflicting roles of managers at the organisation and network levels poses a significant challenge during the development and implementation stage of strategic network policies.
Originality/value: This review reveals that formal and informal governance mechanisms provide better control when used as complements rather than as substitutes
Author Correction: Virtual exam for Parkinson’s disease enables frequent and reliable remote measurements of motor function
No full textInsights into the burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: a crucial step towards evidence-informed and targeted public health interventions
No full textIntroduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant but very complex global health issue, making it difficult to accurately determine its full impact. This study aimed to provide the most detailed regional/national estimates of the AMR burden in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region. Methods: To estimate deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to AMR for 23 bacterial pathogens and 88 pathogen-drug combinations for 2019 and for the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, we utilized data from mortality registries, surveillance systems, hospital records, literature reviews and other sources. A predictive statistical modeling approach - which included five components (the role of infection in deaths, the attribution of infectious deaths to specific syndromes, the proportion of infectious syndrome deaths attributable to specific pathogens, the percentage of pathogen resistant to antibiotics, and the excess risk of mortality associated with this resistance) - was used to integrate this data. We compared the burden in different time periods, and two counterfactual scenarios have been used: deaths/DALYs attributable to AMR and deaths/DALYs associated with AMR. The models were cross-validated to assess out-of-sample predictive validity. Results: The study found that bacterial AMR imposes a significant burden in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region, with an estimated 465,000 deaths (95% UI 338,000–621,000) associated with and 124,000 deaths (133,000–220,000) directly attributable to resistance. Respiratory infections emerged as the most significant cause of fatal AMR burden. Six main pathogens – Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii –accounted for 326,000 deaths associated with AMR. Somalia had the highest AMR burden, with 62.9 deaths (37.4–107.5) attributable to and 223.1 deaths (159.6–309.6) associated with AMR per 100,000 population; conversely, Tunisia had the lowest, with 8.5 deaths (5.1–13.4) attributable to and 34.0 deaths (20.5–53.3) associated with AMR per 100,000 population. The leading pathogen-drug combination burden-wise was methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, with many other prominent ones. A higher AMR burden was observed in nations with a lower Socio-demographic Index (r = –0.87 [–0.9 to –0.83]). Changes in burden occurred during time, with shifts in leading pathogens during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic. Discussion: The substantial number of deaths associated with bacterial AMR underscores the significant public health threat. The high burden observed in countries like Somalia suggests that resource-limited settings may be particularly vulnerable, indicating a need for targeted resource allocation. The predominance of respiratory infections as a prime contributor to AMR-related mortality unveils the need for improving diagnostic/treatment protocols; likewise, time trends and underlying socioeconomic disparities have to be taken into account. Conclusion: To effectively combat AMR in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region, strategies must be tailored and targeted to address the specific characteristics of the predominant pathogens and the most critical pathogen-drug combinations
Recycling of dissolved iron in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
No full text© The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Hawco, N. J., Yang, S.-C., Pinedo-Gonzalez, P., Black, E. E., Kenyon, J., Ferron, S., Bian, X., & John, S. G. Recycling of dissolved iron in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Limnology and Oceanography, 67(11), (2022): 2448-2465, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12212.The importance of iron as a limiting nutrient in the open ocean is widely recognized, but there is substantial uncertainty about the rate that it cycles in the marine environment. Here, we combine measurements from the water column, sediment traps, and incubations to constrain Fe turnover during summer at Station ALOHA in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Using low levels of 57Fe–58Fe double spike, measured with high precision by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, we find Fe uptake rates of 30–60 pM d−1 throughout the euphotic zone. Dissolved Fe turnover times are estimated at 10–15 d in the mixed layer and 1–3 d near the deep chlorophyll maximum. Aerosol Fe supply inferred from a thorium isotope mass balance indicates that the dissolved Fe residence time is approximately 6 months in the upper euphotic zone (0–75 m), relative to external sources, and 2 months in the lower euphotic zone (75–150 m). To reconcile these observations, the average Fe atom must be recycled over 25 times at Station ALOHA in both the upper and lower euphotic zones (an “Fe ratio” equal to 0.04 and 0.03, respectively), a level of conservation that has only been documented in Fe-limited regions thus far. At steady state, this scenario requires an aerosol Fe solubility of 4.5%, which is similar to dissolution experiments from Pacific Ocean aerosols. Our results suggest that the oligotrophic ocean is capable of recycling iron efficiently even when these ecosystems are not demonstrably iron-limited.This work was also supported by the Simons Foundation (602538 and 823167 to N.J.H., 329108 to S.G.J) and National Science Foundation grants 2022969 to N.J.H. and 1911990 to S.F
Correction: Expanded phenotypic spectrum of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorder Bryant-Li-Bhoj syndrome with 38 additional individuals (European Journal of Human Genetics, (2024), 32, 8, (928-937), 10.1038/s41431-024-01610-1)
No full textAn author was not named. The missing author is: “Annick Toutain” Her affiliation is: 27 Service de Génétique, CHU de Tours, Tours, France. 28 UMR1253, iBrain, Inserm, University of Tours, Tours, France. © The Author(s) 2024
Correction: Expanded phenotypic spectrum of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorder Bryant-Li-Bhoj syndrome with 38 additional individuals (European Journal of Human Genetics, (2024), 32, 8, (928-937), 10.1038/s41431-024-01610-1)
No full textAn author was not named. The missing author is: “Annick Toutain” Her affiliation is: 27 Service de Génétique, CHU de Tours, Tours, France. 28 UMR1253, iBrain, Inserm, University of Tours, Tours, France
Gait, mobility, and falls in older people
No full textMy doctoral thesis contributes to the understanding of gait, mobility, and falls in older people. All
presented projects investigated the most prominent and sensitive markers for fall-related gait changes,
that is gait velocity and gait variability. Based on the measurement of these spatio-temporal gait
parameters, particularly when using a change-sensitive dual task paradigm, it is possible to make
conclusions regarding walking, balance, activities of daily living, and falls in older people. The
research summarized in my doctoral thesis will help in the detection of early fall risk and modulation of
therapeutic interventions to improve gait and consequently reduce fall risk in older people.
To identify modifiable fall risk factors, such as gait disorders, the GAITRite electronic walkway system
was used for objective spatio-temporal gait analysis. The simplicity and feasibility of the administration
of single and dual task gait analysis make it a desirable clinical and research measurement tool. Gait
analysis with walking as a single task condition alone is often insufficient to reveal underlying gait
disorders present during everyday activities. However, measuring gait with a dual task paradigm can
detect subtle gait deficits. Dual-tasking, walking while simultaneously performing an additional task,
was used to assess the effects of divided attention on motor performance and gait control.
The presented publications in this doctoral thesis investigated the association between gait
parameters and several hypothesized fall-related modalities: (a) Our first review article highlighted the
association between gait disorders and falls, and how related motor and cognitive impairments can be
detected by measuring gait while dual-tasking. (b) A second review looked at how the dual task
paradigm can be used for gait assessment in older people and how spatio-temporal gait parameters
are associated with increased fall risk. (c) Our systematic literature review provided evidence about
effective fall prevention interventions (exercise, home modifications, footwear, and walking aids) to
reduce the risk of falls in vulnerable older people. (d) To evaluate which exercise modalities are
effective in modifying risk factors for falls, we conducted an eight-week salsa intervention trial and
measured the effect of dancing on static and dynamic balance, and leg muscle power in older people.
(e) Besides exercise, inadequate nutritional intake is another modifiable risk factor for falls in older
people, and therefore our most recent cross-sectional study examined how serum 25-hydroxvitamin D
levels are associated with functional mobility in older people assessed in a memory clinic. (c) Walking
aids are commonly prescribed for older people with a high risk of falls which is why we examined the
influence of walking aids on spatio-temporal gait parameters in older people who used a cane, a
crutch or a walker. (g) Finally, besides predominantly investigating fall risk factors for motor abilities,
our prolonged and ongoing randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled intervention trial
explores the potential influence of ginkgo biloba on the cognitive domain relevant for dual-tasking in
older people with mild cognitive impairment
