160,566 research outputs found
Protoplanella leiae Houben, Proesmans & Artois 2022, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Protoplanella leiae</i> Houben, Proesmans & Artois sp. nov. <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 449E44F6-12BB-4103-B70A-56E59B734A11</p> <p> <i>Protoplanella simplex</i> – Luther 1963: 5, 13–14, fig. 1, taf. 1. — Van Steenkiste <i>et al.</i> 2011: 2, 6–7, fig. 3.</p> Diagnosis <p>‘Protoplanellinae’ with adenal rhabdites anterior, dermal rhabdites absent. Eyes absent. Pharynx centrally positioned. Paired, globular testes occur laterally behind the pharynx. Vasa deferentia unite while entering the copulatory organ proximally. Copulatory organ with straight, muscular ejaculatory duct. Female bursa present. Blind sack attached to the genital atrium.</p> Etymology <p>The species epithet is dedicated to Leia Houben, youngest daughter of the first author (A.M. Houben).</p> Material examined <p> <b>Holotype</b> SPAIN • 1 spec., serially sectioned; La Puebla del Rio; 37°13′39″ N, 06°10′52″ W; 21 Mar. 2008; Van Steenkiste <i>et al.</i> 2011 leg.; mosses on bank of dried up temporal brook in open coniferous forest; KV.689; FMNH.</p> Paratype SPAIN • 1 spec., serially sectioned; same collection data as for holotype; paratype no. 824; HU. Description <p> Van Steenkiste <i>et al.</i> (2011) gave an excellent description of this animal, albeit described as <i>Protoplanella simplex</i>. Therefore, we refer to this publication for the illustration and description of <i>Protoplanella leiae</i> Houben, Proesmans & Artois sp. nov.</p> Discussion <p> See the general discussion on the genus <i>Protoplanella</i> Reisinger, 1924.</p> Previously known distribution <p> Tvärminne, Finland in mosses (Luther 1963; as <i>Protoplanella simplex</i>). La Puebla del Rio, Spain (Van Steenkiste <i>et al.</i> 2011; as <i>P. simplex</i>).</p>Published as part of <i>Houben, Albrecht M., Monnens, Marlies, Proesmans, Willem & Artois, Tom J., 2022, Limnoterrestrial ' Typhloplanidae' (Rhabdocoela, Platyhelminthes), with the description of four new species and a new genus, pp. 70-102 in European Journal of Taxonomy 798</i> on pages 96-98, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.798.1671, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/6323040">http://zenodo.org/record/6323040</a>
Faunulus nielsi Houben, Proesmans & Artois 2022, gen. et sp. nov.
No full text<i>Faunulus nielsi</i> Houben, Proesmans & Artois gen. et sp. nov. <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E8B0D042-259A-427D-8F29-5DB6ED8C8411</p> <p>Fig. 2</p> Diagnosis <p>Provisionally the same diagnosis as the genus.</p> Etymology <p>The species epithet is dedicated to Niels Houben, son of the first author (A.M. Houben).</p> Material examined <p> <b>Holotype</b> AUSTRIA • 1 spec., live observations and sagittal sections; Kreuzberg near Weyer; 47°51′36″ N, 14°39′09″ E; 29 Aug. 2011; A.M. Houben and W. Proesmans leg.; forest soil of <i>Pinus</i>, <i>Sambucus</i>, <i>Corylus</i>, and <i>Cornus</i>; KV.686; FMNH.</p> <p> <b>Paratypes</b> AUSTRIA • 2 specs, live observations, one of which whole mounted; same collection data as for holotype; paratype no. 821; HU.</p> Description <p>Specimens about 1 mm long. The body shape is pointed anteriorly and blunt to rounded posteriorly (see Fig. 2A). On free-swimming specimens, a small tail can be observed. Both anterior and posterior ends possess very typical, strongly eosinophilic glands that appear rod-shaped, like big rhabdites, and are situated more or less parallel to each other. Rostrally, rhabdite glands (Fig. 2A: ar) are present and arranged in two groups. The distal part of the epidermis is completely filled with coarse, strongly eosinophilic secretions, which probably are dermal rhabdites (Fig. 2B: dr?). The protonephridiopores were not observed with certainty. The slightly forward slanted rosulate pharynx (Fig. 2A: ph) is located centrally.</p> <p>The gonopore (Fig. 2A–B: gp) is situated at ±65% of the body and connected to a genital atrium (Fig. 2A– B: ga) that is surrounded by muscles, although their orientation could not be observed with certainty.</p> <p>The paired, differently sized testes (Fig. 2A: t) lie in front of the pharynx and ventral to the paired vitellaria (Fig. 2A–B: vi). One testis is relatively large, while the other is barely visible. The paired vasa deferentia (Fig. 2B: vde) enter the copulatory organ laterally (Fig. 2A: co). Two layers of spiral muscles surround the 50 µm long copulatory organ, which bears an intracapsular seminal vesicle (Fig. 2B–C: vs) and a cirrus (Fig. 2B–C: cir). Large, coarse-grained, extracapsular eosinophilic glands (Fig. 2B: gg) are associated with the copulatory organ, although the point of entry remains uncertain. The 30 µm long cirrus is more or less straight and covered with spines in its distal part (see Fig. 2B–F: cir). The most distal part of the cirrus bears the larger spines and is enveloped in a conical, sclerotised pouch (Fig. 2C: sp).</p> <p>The female duct (Fig. 2B: fd) is relatively long and lined with a high, nuclear epithelium. Proximally it widens into a seminal receptacle (Fig. 2B: rs) that receives the oviduct and the vitelloduct.</p> Discussion <p> <i>Faunulus nielsi</i> Houben, Proesmans & Artois gen. et sp. nov. strongly resembles species of <i>Adenocerca</i> Reisinger, 1924 because of the combination of following features: centrally positioned pharynx, presence of tail glands and a spiny cirrus, and absence of a bursa (Van Steenkiste <i>et al.</i> 2010). However, <i>F. nielsi</i> Houben, Proesmans & Artois gen. et sp. nov. differs from all species of <i>Adenocerca</i> in having testes that lie rostral to the pharynx. In all species of <i>Adenocerca</i>, they are situated posterior to the pharynx and lie next to the copulatory organ. Moreover, there is a difference in size between the two testes of <i>F. nielsi</i> Houben, Proesmans & Artois gen. et sp. nov., which was never reported for <i>Adenocerca</i>. This size difference is consistent for all observed specimens. All species of <i>Adenocerca</i> either have no dermal rhabdites (<i>Adenocerca teshirogii</i> Kolasa, 1981) or dermal rhabdites occurring throughout the whole epidermis. Conversely, what we assume are dermal rhabdites occur solely in the caudal body part of <i>F. nielsi</i> Houben, Proesmans & Artois gen. et sp. nov. Because of the unique combination of features present in the new species described, we find it justified to erect a new genus within ‘Typhloplanidae’.</p> Remarks <p>Animals seem to feed on rotifers since trophi were found in the gut.</p>Published as part of <i>Houben, Albrecht M., Monnens, Marlies, Proesmans, Willem & Artois, Tom J., 2022, Limnoterrestrial ' Typhloplanidae' (Rhabdocoela, Platyhelminthes), with the description of four new species and a new genus, pp. 70-102 in European Journal of Taxonomy 798</i> on pages 75-77, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.798.1671, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/6323040">http://zenodo.org/record/6323040</a>
Bryoplana belgica Houben, Proesmans & Artois 2022, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Bryoplana belgica</i> Houben, Proesmans & Artois sp. nov. <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1F08C372-CBAE-45E6-BE50-144752F3D44B</p> <p>Fig. 5</p> Diagnosis <p> Species of <i>Bryoplana</i> with the ciliation reduced or completely lacking dorsally. Testes elongated, in the posterior body part, lateral to the copulatory organ. Copulatory organ with bent, sclerotised ejaculatory duct. Most proximal part of female duct forming a seminal receptacle.</p> Etymology <p>The epithet refers to the fact that the species was found in Belgium.</p> Material examined <p> <b>Holotype</b> BELGIUM • 1 spec., studied alive and serially sectioned; Koksijde, Oostduinkerke, nature reserve ‘De Zeebermduinen’; 51°08′22″ N, 02°41′26″ E; 30 Jul. 2011; A.M. Houben and W. Proesmans leg.; dry moss growing on dunes; KV.687; FMNH.</p> Description <p>The specimen is about 0.8 mm long. Both body ends are rounded (Fig. 5A–B). Free swimming specimens show a small tail. Adenal rhabdite glands (Fig. 5A: ar) are situated in two groups at ±25% of the body. Dermal rhabdites and protonephridiopores were not observed. The epidermis on the ventral body side is 4.5 µm high and entirely covered with locomotory cilia, while on the dorsal body side it is 3.5 µm high and ciliation is strongly reduced, even almost completely lacking. A slightly forward-slanted rosulate pharynx (Fig. 5A–B: ph) is located just rostral to the centre of the body.</p> <p>The gonopore (Fig. 5C–D: gp) is situated at ±80% of the body and connected to a genital atrium (Fig. 5A, C–D: ga), which is lined with a high, nucleated epithelium and surrounded by muscles, the orientation of which could not be observed with certainty.</p> <p>The elongated testes (Fig. 5A, C–D: t) lie at ±70% of the body and ventrally to the paired vitellaria (Fig. 5A–D: vi). They gradually taper into the broad vasa deferentia (Fig. 5C: vde), which laterally enter the copulatory organ (Fig. 5A: co). Circular muscles surround the 34 µm long copulatory organ, which includes an intracapsular seminal vesicle (Fig. 5C–E: vs) and a 22 µm long, strongly sclerotised ejaculatory duct (Fig. 5C–E: de). This ejaculatory duct is more or less straight at its proximal end and bends strongly (±100°) at the distal end. Coarse-grained eosinophilic glands are situated ventrally to the copulatory organ. Although the entrance into the copulatory organ could not be seen, these glands probably represent the prostate glands (Fig. 5D: gg?).</p> <p>The female duct (Fig. 5C–D: fd) is relatively long and lined with a nuclear epithelium. Proximally, it widens into a seminal receptacle (Fig. 5A, C–D: rs), which receives the short oviduct (Fig. 5D: od). The vitelloduct and female glands (Fig. 5D: fg) open into this female duct at the place where it connects to the seminal receptacle.</p> Discussion <p>The new species can readily be placed within ‘Typhloplanidae’ because it possesses all diagnostic features: a pharynx rosulatus, a single ovary, paired testes, and a single genital opening. Furthermore, the ventral position of the testes relative to the vitellaria indicates this species should be placed in ‘Protoplanellinae’, ‘Rhynchomesostominae’ Bresslau, 1933 or ‘Typhloplaninae’ Graff, 1905. However, the species’ general habitus and internal organisation differ markedly from the situation in the latter two subtaxa, and we therefore designate this species to ‘Protoplanellinae’.</p> <p> Most representatives of ‘Protoplanellinae’ have the pharynx situated in the midbody or posterior body half. Only select species have a pharynx in the anterior half of the body, these belong to <i>Achrochordonoposthia</i> Reisinger, 1924; <i>Bockia</i> Reisinger, 1924; <i>Bryoplana</i>; <i>Microcalyptorhynchus</i> Kepner & Ruebush, 1935, <i>Prorhynchella</i> Ruebush, 1939; and <i>Protopharyngiellona</i> Schwank, 1980. Some of these genera show very typical features: presence of a proboscis (<i>Microcalyptorhynchus</i>), presence of ciliated pits in the anterior body half (<i>Prorhynchella</i>), or the fact that the proboscis is of the doliiformis-type (<i>Bockia</i>). Lack of these features in our species indicates that it cannot be allocated to any of these genera. One of the most eye-catching features of <i>B. belgica</i> Houben, Proesmans & Artois sp. nov. is the lack of a bursa copulatrix, which in the remaining taxa is only the case for <i>Bryoplana</i>. We hence allocate our specimens to the latter genus, to which it indeed shows much resemblance.</p> <p> <i>Bryoplana belgica</i> Houben, Proesmans & Artois sp. nov. differs from <i>Bryoplana xerophila</i> by the presence of a sclerotised, curved ejaculatory duct, the presence of a seminal receptacle in the female system, and the fact that the dorsal body ciliation is very much reduced, or even lacking. The latter feature was also mentioned by Kolasa (1977) for <i>Ventrociliella romanae</i>, which he suggested to be an adaptation to limnoterrestrial habitats. However, in all other typical limnoterrestrial taxa, even in <i>B. xerophila</i>, the dorsal ciliation is present. Both species of <i>Bryoplana</i> were recovered from dried out moss – <i>B. xerophila</i> in the USA and <i>B. belgica</i> Houben, Proesmans & Artois sp. nov. in Western Europe – but indeed differ markedly in the extent of the dorsal body ciliation, undermining Kolasa’s (1977) hypothesis. The presence/absence of a seminal receptacle in the female system as a distinguishing character should be used with care at this moment. Indeed, the seminal receptacle in <i>B. belgica</i> Houben, Proesmans & Artois sp. nov. is simply a swelling of the female duct, and not a separate organ. As such, the absence of this structure in <i>B. xerophila</i> may be due to the specimens of Van Steenkiste <i>et al.</i> (2010) not having mated yet. However, as Van Steenkiste <i>et al.</i> (2010) investigated several live specimens and twelve serial sections, this seems unlikely. Regardless, the differences in body ciliation and construction of the copulatory organ proper clearly distinguish both species.</p>Published as part of <i>Houben, Albrecht M., Monnens, Marlies, Proesmans, Willem & Artois, Tom J., 2022, Limnoterrestrial ' Typhloplanidae' (Rhabdocoela, Platyhelminthes), with the description of four new species and a new genus, pp. 70-102 in European Journal of Taxonomy 798</i> on pages 81-83, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.798.1671, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/6323040">http://zenodo.org/record/6323040</a>
Hoplopera isis Houben, Proesmans & Artois 2022, sp. nov.
No full textHoplopera isis Houben, Proesmans & Artois sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4DA3359A-D279-4286-B7B0-822382D258F7 Fig. 7A–C Diagnosis Dark species of Hoplopera, about 0.8 mm long with inconspicuous tail glands. Dermal rhabdites small, adenal rhabdites in two tracks. Atrial glands present. Spindle-shaped testes. Copulatory organ 20 µm long, without sclerotised structures. Bipartite bursa with sclerotised structure containing two groups of parallel, vertical rods, separated from each other by vertical bars, as a whole resembling a fish pot. Female duct forming a seminal receptacle. Etymology The species epithet is dedicated to Isis Houben, first daughter of the first author (A.M. Houben). Material examined Holotype AUSTRIA • 1 spec., studied alive and horizontally sectioned; south of Graz, between Glashütten and Trahütten; 46°49′46″ N, 15°06′09″ E; 23 Aug. 2011; A.M. Houben and W. Proesmans leg.; moss growing in a small stream in a pine forest; KV.688; FMNH. Paratypes AUSTRIA • 5 specs, studied alive, one of which whole mounted; same collection data as for holotype; paratype no. 822; HU. Description Specimens are about 0.7–0.9 mm long. The body is rounded anteriorly and possesses a small tail provided with small, inconspicuous tail glands (Fig. 7C: tg). Rostrally, sharply pointed adenal rhabdites (Fig. 7B: ar) are arranged in two groups. Very small dermal rhabdites occur all over the body. The paired protonephridiopores (Fig. 7A: pp) lie posterior and lateral to the mouth. The rosulate pharynx is located just behind the middle of the body (Fig. 7A: ph). The gonopore (Fig. 7B–C: gp) is situated at ±80% of the body and connected to a genital atrium (Fig. 7A–C: ga) that is lined with a high epithelium and surrounded by muscles of uncertain orientation. At its posterior side, the genital atrium receives a large group of eosinophilic glands (Fig. 7A–C: ag). Two small, spindle-shaped testes (Fig. 7A: t) lie in front of the pharynx (Fig. 7A: ph) and ventral to the paired vitellaria (Fig. 7A, C: vi). In some specimens, one testis seems bigger than the other one. The paired vasa deferentia (Fig. 7B–C: vde) enter the egg-shaped copulatory organ laterally. Two layers of spiral muscles surround the 24µm long copulatory organ (Fig. 7A: co), which bears an intracapsular seminal vesicle (Fig. 7B–C: vs) and an ejaculatory duct (Fig. 7B–C: de). Coarse-grained intra- (Fig. 7B– C: gg1) and extracapsular (Fig. 7C: gg2) eosinophilic glands are associated with the copulatory organ. The relatively long male duct (Fig. 7C: md) receives the bursa (Fig. 7A–C: bu) before entering the genital atrium (Fig. 7A–C: ga). This bipartite bursa consists of an 18 µm long, thin-walled proximal part containing sperm and a 22 µm long distal part, which could be considered the bursal stalk (Fig. 7B–C: bs). This stalk is surrounded by circular muscles and contains a sclerotised structure (Fig. 7B: ss) that resembles the structure of a fish pot. It consists of vertical rods that are divided into two groups by a horizontal bar. The proximal and distal part are also delimited by a horizontal bar. As a whole, this bursal stalk is wrapped in a loose matrix surrounded by circular muscles. The vitellaria (Fig. 7A, C: vi) extend from the anterior third of the body to the posterior end where they meet. The oviduct broadens and becomes a seminal receptacle (Fig. 7A–C: rs), which further becomes a long female duct (Fig. 7C: fd), lined with a high, nucleated epithelium and surrounded by muscles. The vitelloduct was not observed with certainty, although it is probably an unpaired one that meets the oviduct. Discussion See the general discussion on the genus Hoplopera. Remarks The hard parts and copulatory structures are not visible on the whole-mounted specimen. Therefore, we designate a serially sectioned specimen as holotype.Published as part of Houben, Albrecht M., Monnens, Marlies, Proesmans, Willem & Artois, Tom J., 2022, Limnoterrestrial ' Typhloplanidae' (Rhabdocoela, Platyhelminthes), with the description of four new species and a new genus, pp. 70-102 in European Journal of Taxonomy 798 on pages 86-88, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.798.1671, http://zenodo.org/record/632304
Prof. Th. W. Adorno and the author Hans Erich Nossack.
No full textProf. Th. W. Adorno and the author Hans Erich Nossack at a reception of Insel Verlag, Buchmesse Frankfurt 1966LB
Nowe spojrzenie na planowanie architektury mieszkaniowej w afryce subsaharyjskiej
No full textThe author shares his reflections on state of art in housing and urban planning, deficiencies, expectations and possibilities in the Sahel region of Africa. He notices, that the housing problem in Africa is one of the challenges, which should be solved in order to recover life dignity of African people and secure their rights to traditional family life in acceptable conditions. The paper describes the studies on the typical dispersed urban structures and the need to foster this type of settlement structure and proposals of introduction of new on light steel frame housing system in the area of Sahel, combining the traditional way of building houses with modern technology. The particularly analysed case, is the housing problem in the Republic of Chad. The author presents the basic discussion on this topic and his architectural proposals. Unfortunately, the gap between the needs and the financial feasibility of housing construction in this area, makes this project already at the starting point extremely difficult to be realized without external subventions.Problem mieszkaniowy w Afryce jest jednym z wyzwań, które należy rozwiązać, aby Afrykanie mogli odzyskać godność życiową i zabezpieczyć swoje prawa do tradycyjnego życia rodzinnego w akceptowalnych warunkach. W artykule opisano badania nad typowymi rozproszonymi strukturami miejskimi i potrzebą wspierania tego typu struktur osadniczych oraz propozycji wprowadzenia nowego systemu konstrukcji domów, opartym na lekkim szkielecie stalowym, łączącym tradycyjny sposób budowania domów z nowoczesną technologią. Przypadkiem szczególnie analizowanym jest problem mieszkaniowy w Republice Czadu. Autor przedstawia podstawową dyskusję na ten temat i swoje propozycje architektoniczne. Niestety luka między potrzebami mieszkaniowymi w Czadzie a finansową wykonalnością budownictwa mieszkaniowego w tym obszarze sprawia, że projekt ten, już w punkcie wyjścia, jest niezwykle trudny do realizacji bez uzyskania zewnętrznych dotacji
Seeing the world anew : the radical vision of Martin Waldseemüller's 1507 & 1516 world maps /
No full text9781929154470 (ISBN). 192915447X (ISBN). First edition 2012. Accompanied by 2 foldeds map in front and back pockets: 1507 map -- 1516 map.; Includes bibliographical references: pages 98-107.; Maps from pockets also available online http://nla.gov.au/nla.map-vn6254227; Original version of the 1507 map: Universalis cosmographiae secundum Ptholomaei traditionem et Americi Vespucii alioru que lustrationes. [St. Dié, France? : s.n., 1507]; Original version of the 1516 map: Carta marina, navigatoria Portugallen, navigationes atque tocius cogniti orbis terre marisque formam naturamq[u]e situs et terminos nostris temporibus recognitos et ab antiquorum traditione differentes eciam quor[um] vetusti non meminerunt auctores hec generaliter indicat / consumatum est in oppido S. Deodati compositione et digestione Martini Waldseemuller Ilacomili. [St. Dié, France? : s.n., 1516]. Prologue: In a Renaissance Vision, a Glimpse of the Modern / John W. Hessler -- "An island surrounded on all sides by sea" : The World Map, 1507 / John W. Hessler -- "Land of Cuba, part of Asia" : The Carta marina, 1516 / Chet Van Duzer -- Epilogue: A Renaissance That Resonates Still / John W. Hessler -- Notes -- Afterword / Ralph E. Ehrenberg -- About the authors -- Acknowledgments -- The Maps: The 1507 World Map, 12 sheets, with commentary -- Composite: front pocket -- The 1516 Carta marina, 13 sheets, with commentary -- Composite: back pocket
Klimat społeczny w szkole inkluzyjnej
No full textAuthor presented in this paper theoretical approach to the building of social climate in an inclusive school. The publication indicatessome tendencies and directions of changes to improve the functioning of these institutions and to implement the idea of inclusive education.Autorka przedstawiła w artykule teoretyczne ujęcie zagadnienia związanego z budowaniem klimatu społecznego w szkole inkluzyjnej. W publikacji ukazano pewne dążenia i kierunki zmian, jakich należy dokonywać w masowych szkołach, aby poprawić jakość funkcjonowania tych placówek, tak by kierowały się one ideą edukacji włączającej
Ewolucja programowa FDP w polityce wschodniej w latach 1949-1969 w świetle nowych zasobów Archiwum Niemieckiego Liberalizmu
No full textZasadniczym celem artykułu jest analiza działalności programowej FDP w polityce wschodniej Republiki Federalnej Niemiec w latach 1949-1969. Autor wykorzystał nowe zasoby Archiwum Niemieckiego Liberalizmu w Gummersbach, co umożliwiło przedstawienie nowej oceny wpływu FDP na politykę wschodnią Republiki Federalnej Niemiec.The main goal of the article is to analyze the FDP's program activities in the eastern policy of the Federal Republic of Germany in the years 1949-1969. Of great importance here is the fact that the author used in this work new archives from the Archives of German Liberalism in Gummersbach. This enabled him to present a new assessment of the FDP's impact on the eastern policy of the Federal Republic of Germany
Zasady szacowania gruntów w postępowaniach scaleniowych w Polsce
No full textThe subject of the study was the principles of land estimation used for the purpose of consolidation
proceedings, as they are applied in Poland.
The work examines the legal conditions relating to the estimation of land for the purposes of
consolidation. Documents prepared in the years 2005–2017 concerning land estimation (resolutions
of the consolidation participants, and protocols from the value estimates) have been
collected for 41 consolidated sites, located in 28 districts of 11 voivodships (regions). A survey
was conducted among the surveyors-designers of the consolidation proceedings, consisting of
19 questions. In the current year, the co-author of the present article was present at meetings of
consolidation proceedings’ participants, convened in order to determine the rules for estimating
land value on two sites located in different regions, and the material she collected during those
meetings was used in the article.
The collected data were subjected to an analysis, which showed that within Poland there is no
homogeneity in the method of estimating land value for the purpose of consolidation proceedings,
and that the method used to determine the value of land, taking into account the 1-hectare
estimated rate, and the price of 1dt of rye grain, according to the provisions of the agricultural
tax, is incompatible with the principles for the valuation of agricultural real estate, as specified in
the law on real estate management.Przedmiotem badań były zasady szacowania gruntów stosowane w postępowaniach scaleniowych w Polsce.
W ramach pracy przeanalizowano uwarunkowania prawne odnoszące się do szacunku gruntów na potrzeby scaleń. Zebrano dokumentację sporządzoną w latach 2005-2017 dotyczącą szacunku gruntów (uchwały uczestników scalenia i protokoły z przeprowadzonego szacunku) dla 41 obiektów scaleniowych, położonych na terenie 28 powiatów z 11 województw. Przeprowadzono ankietę wśród geodetów-projektantów scaleń, składającą się
z 19 pytań. Współautorka artykułu w bieżącym roku była obecna na spotkaniach uczestników scalenia, zwołanych w celu ustalenia zasad szacowania gruntów na dwóch obiektach, zlokalizowanych w różnych województwach i zebrane materiały dotyczące tych spotkań wykorzystane zostały w artykule.
Zgromadzone dane poddano analizie, która wykazała, że w Polsce nie ma jednolitości
w sposobie szacowania gruntów na potrzeby postępowań scaleniowych oraz że stosowany sposób określania wartości gruntów z uwzględnieniem stawek szacunkowych 1 ha oraz ceny 1dt żyta wg przepisów o podatku rolnym jest niezgodny z zasadami wyceny nieruchomości rolnych określonymi w ustawie o gospodarce nieruchomościami
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