1,720,976 research outputs found
Exploring the World of “Touch DNA” and “Touch Microbiome”: One-Shot DNA Collection and Extraction
No full textMicroorganisms are present on both the interior and exterior surfaces of the human body, outnumbering human cells at a 3:1 ratio.1 Like human
DNA shed from skin cells, microbes are also transferred to the surrounding environment.2,3 Due to the robust structure of bacterial DNA, it withstands degradation
more effectively than human DNA. Given the increasing role of microbiome analyses in forensics, and the presence of enough microbial DNA in a fingerprint to
generate a reliable profile, this presentation examines the transfer and recovery of touch DNA and microbiomes using 4N6FLOQSwabs.2
At a crime scene, the simultaneous collection of fingermark ridge patterns and related evidence can be challenging. When a fingermark is compromised, investigators
are often advised to prioritize DNA recovery over dactyloscopy. Fingermarks frequently contain low quantities of DNA, sometimes below the 0.002ng/μL threshold
for obtaining a meaningful Short Tandem Repeat (STR) profile.4 Despite this, forensic DNA analyses can still yield high-quality profiles.5-7 Additionally, a person’s
microbial signature can reveal more about their lifestyle and health than human DNA alone. By analyzing both nuclear DNA (nDNA) and microbial DNA from the
same swab, investigators can gain further insights, using established forensic genetics methods while maintaining the accuracy of human identification profiles.
A total of 40 participants provided fingermarks of their Dominant Hand’s Index (DHI) on a standardized and sterilized glass surface. Prior to deposition, participants
washed their hands and allowed natural “recharge” for one hour. Fingermarks were deposited using a cutout mold, applying 500g pressure for 60s. DNA was
collected by swabbing the entire fingermark with dried flocked 4N6FLOQSwabs. NDNA extraction was done using the Qiagen QIAamp DNA Blood and Tissue
kit.8 DNA quantitation was conducted using the Human Quantifiler kit on a 7500 Real-Time PCR System. Human DNA was amplified by AmpFLSTR Identifiler
Plus PCR Amplification Kit on a 9700 GeneAmp PCR System. The amplified samples were processed by capillary electrophoresis and STRs analyzed by
GeneMapper ID 3.2 software. Using the same extracts, the V4 region of the 16s rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq System. FASTq
files were analyzed in QIIME2 (ver. 2024.5.0), were quality filtered using DADA2, and trimmed accordingly. Taxonomic assignments were made using silva-138-
99. Data were further analyzed in R (version 4.2.3) with the “Phyloseq” packages.
Results showed that the co-extraction of touch DNA and touch microbiome is possible, and the use of standardized conditions for the deposition and collection of
the fingermark significantly improves the success of the analysis when compared with previous studies conducted in less ideal and optimized conditions.3 The
microbial profiles obtained from the various fingers from the same donor are distinct one from another one but still more similar than between individuals in terms
of bacterial composition, bacterial relative abundance, alpha and beta diversity. Specific taxa (ASVs) unique to specific donors were found in the deposited finger
marks after excluding the environmental signature found on the glass slide, highlighting the potential use of touch microbiome as an additional tool to identify the
donor of the trace found on touched objects on the crime scene.
On the basis of our preliminary results, it is possible to affirm that the obtention of human DNA and microbial DNA with standardized approaches may help forensic
analysts in performing a more appropriate personal identification and simultaneously obtain information about habits of a suspect
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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