1,720,988 research outputs found
Electrophysiologic monitoring in neurointensive care
No full textCumulative evidence of potential benefits of electroencephalography (EEG) and evoked potentials in the management of patients with acute cerebral damage has been confirmed. Continuous EEG monitoring is the best method for detecting nonconvulsive seizures and is strongly recommended for the treatment of status epilepticus. Continuously displayed, validated quantitative EEG may facilitate early detection of secondary cerebral insults and may play a decision-making role in the management of patients with head injury, stroke, or subarachnoid hemorrhage. Long-latency auditory evoked potentials and cognitive components constitute a new field of interest for the progress of comatose patients. Motor evoked potentials may become clinically important both in acutely injured and elective postoperative patients. In the neurointensive care units adequate techniques can be selected to answer targeted clinical questions. The efficacy can be improved by implementing educational projects based on ad hoc training of nurses and neurointensive care specialists
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Eligibility criteria and psychological profiles in patient candidates for awake craniotomy: a pilot study.
No full textBACKGROUND:Although generally well tolerated, awake craniotomy is burdened by non-negligible failure rates. The aim of this pilot study was to verify the feasibility of a wider research scope to define objective criteria for patient exclusion and the risk of intraoperative mapping failures.METHODS:Twenty-one patients with brain tumors were subjected to a procedure in 3 steps: neuropsychological criteria for both cognition and language; psychological questionnaires for anxiety, attitude to pain and depression, and psychophysiological monitoring for the candidate's capacity for self-control; and an intraoperative interview for the patient's perception during awake procedure. Outcome measures were as follows: (1) patient compliance, defined as patient response to the intraoperative procedure and measured by psychological scale scores for fear and pain, and (2) failure, defined as the impossibility to complete brain mapping (minor) or conversion to general anesthesia (major). Data analysis included the description of preoperative and intraoperative assessments and their evaluation (Spearman ρ test), and the prognostic factors for intraoperative compliance and procedure failure (Mann-Whitney test).RESULTS:Three patients were considered ineligible after the first step. In the remaining 18, the responses of 10 patients fell within the normal range and 8 showed some degree of impairment on at least 1 preoperative evaluation, but not enough to be excluded from awake surgery. The data analysis also showed that fear of pain correlated with pain felt during the operation and preoperatively with depression and psychophysiological changes, the latter of which was associated with fear felt during craniotomy. Minor failures occurred in 2 patients.CONCLUSIONS:From these preliminary results, we observed that warning signs for minor failure were fear of pain and anxiety, as revealed by psychological questionnaire responses, and the incapability of self-control at psychophysiological monitoring. This assessment may serve to fit mapping modality to the single patient and to avoid complications
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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