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FIGURE 16 in A taxonomic revision of the dirt ants, Basiceros Schulz, 1906 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
No full textFIGURE 16. Basiceros manni colony in abandoned Meliponini nest at La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica: Heredia; A. Exterior view of nest entrance, B. Detail of chamber with immatures below nest entrance, C. Brood chamber. Images: courtesy of Ronald Garcia.Published as part of Probst, Rodolfo Da Silva & Brandão, Carlos Roberto Ferreira, 2022, A taxonomic revision of the dirt ants, Basiceros Schulz, 1906 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 5149 (1) on page 42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5149.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/660596
A taxonomic and phylogenetic analysis of the ant genus Basiceros Schulz, 1906 (Formicidae, Myrmicinae, Basicerotini)
No full textMyrmicinae Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1835 consiste na maior e mais diversificada subfamília de formigas. Embora monofilética, sua taxonomia e a compreensão de suas relações filogenéticas internas ainda merecem mais estudos, muito por conta da grande heterogeneidade morfológica que engloba. Dentre as seis tribos mirmicíneas reconhecidas recentemente, Attini é a que inclui o maior número de espécies. Este estudo representa a primeira tentativa de se analisar as relações filogenéticas internas de um agrupamento dentro da nova configuração reconhecida para esta tribo com base em caracteres moleculares de nove genes (mitocondriais e nucleares) e da morfologia externa. Com foco na taxonomia e sistemática do gênero Basiceros Schulz, 1906, representante de distribuição exclusivamente Neotropical, foram investigadas suas relações filogenéticas sob os métodos da máxima parcimônia (morfologia), máxima verossimilhança (moléculas) e inferência Bayesiana (moléculas e morfologia + moléculas). Os três métodos corroboram a monofilia de Basiceros e de todos seus representantes. Na tentativa de reconstruir a história evolutiva e as relações filogenéticas para o gênero, foi utilizada uma matriz com 53 caracteres morfológicos e 4309 caracteres moleculares. A análise de máxima parcimônia dos caracteres morfológicos sob enumeração implícita resultou em 1 árvore mais parcimoniosa de 117 passos, com índice de consistência 77 e índice de retenção 72; 4 sinapomorfias suportam a monofilia do gênero. As análises empregando dados moleculares sob máxima verossimilhança e inferência Bayesiana resultaram em topologias muito similares, com forte suporte para o gênero e suas espécies. As análises combinando dados moleculares e morfológicos recuperam com forte suporte o gênero como monofilético, com suas espécies estruturadas em dois clados. Após o exame de materialtipo para todas as espécies de Basiceros, oito espécies são reconhecidas para o gênero, das quais uma é descrita como nova; Basiceros redux (Donisthorpe, 1939) é transferida para o gênero Octostruma. Indivíduos de castas e sexos ainda não registrados (incluindo larvas, machos e intercastas) são aqui descritos pela primeira vez para diferentes espécies de Basiceros. A distribuição da maior parte das espécies é consideravelmente expandida em relação ao que se conhecia anteriormente. No âmbito do presente cenário taxonômico e hipótese de relacionamento filogenético, futuros trabalhos podem aplicar o arcabouço conhecido na tentativa de reconstruir a biogeografia destas formigas crípticas.Myrmicinae Lepeletier of Saint-Fargeau, 1835 comprises the largest and most diverse subfamily of ants. Although monophyletic, their taxonomy and the understanding of the internal phylogenetic relationships are still poorly resolved, due to its great morphological heterogeneity. Among the six recently recognized myrmicine tribes, Attini includes the largest in number of species. This study represents the first attempt to analyze the internal phylogenetic relationships of a group within the newly defined Attini based on both mitochondrial and nuclear molecular characters and external morphology. Focusing on the exclusively Neotropical genus Basiceros Schulz, 1906, phylogenetic relationships were investigated under maximum parsimony (morphology), maximum likelihood (molecules) and Bayesian inference (molecules plus morphology + molecules). The three methods recovered the monophyly of Basiceros. To infer the evolutionary history and phylogenetic relationships of the genus a matrix of 53 morphological and 4309 molecular characters was constructed. The parsimony analysis of morphological characters under implicit enumeration resulted in 1 most parsimonious tree with 117 steps, consistency index of 77 and retention index of 72; 4 synapomorphies supporting the monophyly of Basiceros. The molecular phylogenetic analysis under both maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference resulted in very similar topologies, with strong support for the genus and all species. Molecular and morphological combined data recovered the monophyly of the genus and all representatives, divided in two recognized clades with strong support. After examining type material for all Basiceros taxa, eight species are recognized, one of which is described as new; Basiceros redux(Donisthorpe, 1939) is transferred to Octostruma. As part of this revisionary work, castes and sexes (including larvae, males and intercasts) are described for the first time for several species of Basiceros. The distributional range for most species is considerably expanded. Under this revised taxonomic framework and inferred phylogenetic relationships, future work can reconstruct the biogeographical history of this cryptic Neotropical ant genus
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Basiceros browni Probst & Brandao 2022, sp. nov.
No full textBasiceros browni Probst & Brandão sp. nov. (Figs 2C, 3, 4, 30) Type material. Holotype worker: ECUADOR: Los Ríos (spelled as “ Pichincha ”): 47km N from Quevedo, Rio Palenque Research Station, 29.vii.1978, G.J. Umphrey col., N. GJU # 0860 [MCZ]. Paratype workers: Same locality, date, and collector as holotype [MCZ, one gold coated worker; GUPC, one worker]; same locality and collector, 30.vii.1978 [NMH, one worker (NHM1014338/ CASENT0900941)]; Pichincha: Otongachi, 0°18’49” S 78°57’15” W, 850m, 04.ix.2009, G. Ramón col., KT-1419/LL8-W15 [MZSP, one worker]. Diagnosis (only known from workers). Comparatively medium to large (TL 6.55–7.59 mm); color light brown to dark brown; densely sculptured, rugose to areolar-rugose, procoxae and gaster foveate; petiole tubuliform, without projected node; mandibles triangular, long and pedunculate with twelve teeth on each masticatory margin; clypeomandibular space ample; labrum cuneiform, bilobed apically, lobes separated by a narrow cleft; pilosity consisting of a basal layer of flat and spatulate to subplumose decumbent curved hairs for most of their length, and another layer of long erect and clavate hairs. Description. Worker (n=4, range includes holotype measurements). HL 1.25–1.41, HL2 1.29–1.45, HW1 1.16– 1.33, MdL 0.8–0.9, SL1 0.93–1.13, SL2 0.90–1.15, PDL 4.5–6, A3L 0.04–0.05, AFL 0.38–0.45, FuL 1.04–1.21, EL 0.15–0.18, EW 0.14–0.16, ML 1.7–2.0, MfL 1.40–1.68, MtL 1.08–1.25, PH 0.32–0.35, PL 0.87–0.97, PW 0.32–0.38, PPL 0.45–0.52, PPW 0.47–0.55, GL 1.47–1.77, GW 1.06–1.16, TL 6.55–7.59, CI 93–95, CS 1.21–1.37, MCI 62–64.00, SI 76–86, ESI 15–16, SAI2 240–255, EI1 0.24–0.25, MFI 77–85, PTI 266–291. Size comparatively large compared to other Basiceros species. Light brown to dark brown, with lighter appendages, yellowish-brown to brown, respectively. Body predominantly covered by two types of hair. White to light brown semi-erect to erect hairs, long and filiform and slightly clavate, present on head dorsum near eye height and extending to occipital region, sparsely present on ventral region of head; on the anterolateral corner and dorsum of pronotum; a pair present on the anterodorsal margin of propodeum; on sides and petiolar dorsum; on the dorsum of postpetiole, two pairs on the anterior margin of postpetiolar sternite; on the dorsal and ventral gastral margins, more abundant dorsally. Length of these hairs varying according to position, notably longer on the dorsal surface of entire body. White to yellowish decumbent hairs, flattened, short and curved, apically spatulate or subplumose, present on the head dorsum, pronotum and propodeum, more densely on the latter. One pair of spatulate hairs on the basal portion of lateroventral region of mandibles and another on the base of stipes, relatively close to the hypostomal margin. Setae sparse, from simple and short to apically spatulate, at the base of mandibles. Long and erect spatulate hairs on the anterior margin of antennal scapes, scape dorsa covered by short spatulate hairs, filiform setae on the inner face of the antennal basal lobe, hair on the scape elbow (anterior region of lobe) with the same morphology as the special hairs present on the rest of the body. Clypeal disc with short and appressed setae. Filiform and apically curved hairs present on the pygidium and hypopygium. Short and subdecumbent spatulate hairs on trochanters and tibiae and on posterior region of tarsi, becoming thinner on the distal segments. Mandibles smooth over most of its length and shiny, with sparse piligerous punctuations, interdental filiform setae present, surpassing length of the teeth; anterior region striated. Clypeus rugo-reticulate in great part of its central disc; lateral regions predominantly areolar-rugose, anterior region of clypeus laminar, smooth and shiny, with its anteromedial portion weakly covered by longitudinal striate impressions. Head dorsum covered by thick and irregular striae, gaps between them forming foveae of variable size. Internal surface of antennal scrobes. Ventral face of head punctuate-reticulate, changing to rugose near posterior margin and roof of antennal scrobes; extending posteriorly to the vertexal margin, covering this region and the sulcus present near the median region. Vertexal region scrobiculate around the occipital carina. Mesosoma strongly sculptured, dorsum covered with vermicular rugae ranging from strongly irregular in the dorsum of the promesonotum to obliquely longitudinal in the dorsal region of the propodeum; lateral region of the pronotum and central portion of mesopleuron punctate-reticulate; mesopleuron with sinuous lamellar epicnemial carina bordered by sparse scrobiculations; lateral region of propodeum with irregular and transversally vermiculate striae, forming foveae of variable size, varying to punctate-reticulate in its central range and becoming rugose again near the bulla of the metapleural gland; posteropropodeum covered by sparse punctuations, varying to longitudinal rugulae as the sloping face advances to the propodeal lobes. Petiole and postpetiole with oblique to irregular longitudinal rugae. Posterior region of the petiole longitudinally rugulose. First gastral segment densely punctuate-reticulate; punctuations intermediate and distinct, with smooth and shiny space between them; punctuations decreasing near the posterior margin, thinner and more reticulate. Other gastral segments with exposed tergites finely reticulate—same to sternites, but with margins and shinier. Procoxae punctuate-reticulate, meso- and metacoxae punctuate to dotted to irregularly rugulose; legs with inconspicuous rugo-reticulations. Head subtrapezoidal, with posterior margin slightly convex medially; mandibles long and peduncular, masticatory margins with 12 triangular teeth, apex of basal tooth comparatively more rounded and apical tooth wider; clypeomandibular space present, semi-spherical. Labrum cuneiform, bilobed apically; lobes separated by a very narrow or even slightly inconspicuous cleft. Clypeal disc flat, anterior margin lamellar, slightly convex in its median range. Palps hidden. Antennal scrobes shallow, with indistinct posterior limit. Antennal scapes long (SL 0.90–1.15) and slightly tubular; basal lobe short and trapezoidal; anterior margin crenulated and laminar; funicular segments gradually increasing in size, two-segmented apical club present with the apical segment being as long as the sum of the five anterior funicular segments and slightly shorter than half the length of scape (AFL: 0.38–0.40; SL1 0.93–1.00). Compound eyes rounded and convex, located just above the posterior half of the head (in frontal view) and at the limit of the anterior margin of the scrobes (lateral view), with about nine ommatidia in the largest diameter. Vertexal margin slightly concave, with a shallow groove in its median portion; posterolateral edges angulate, not protruding. Occipital carina present, not projected. Lateral profile of mesosoma with promesonotum convex, sloping posteriorly into a broad and deep metanotal suture. Propodeal profile slightly convex posteriorly. In dorsal view, humeral corners projected and rounded; promesonotal suture indistinct to weakly marked; promesonotum slightly wider than twice the propodeum. Sloping face of the propodeum anteriorly delimited by a superior transverse carina that connects to the propodeal spines, those divergent in dorsal view and oriented upwards, presenting a strong carina in the region of convergence with the slope. Propodeal spiracle tubular, opening circular. Metapleural gland bulla prominent; posterolateral region carinate, opening surrounded by cuticular flap. Propodeal lobes short and rounded. Tarsal claws simple. Petiole in lateral view long and tubular; smooth and sloping anterior surface, meeting the dorsal surface obtusely; dorsal face convex, with an anterior portion lower than the median portion; in dorsal view, peduncle long, petiole with anterior face ellipsoid, posterior face slightly narrower and marginally rounded, subpetiolar process composed of an anteroventral oblique and bifid projection, followed by 4–7 spiniform projections of different sizes, the first or second sometimes denticular and the first sometimes protruding from the base of anterior anteroventral process. Postpetiole longer than wide; wider and higher posteriorly; in dorsal view, anterior margin concave. In lateral view, postpetiolar sternite carinate; in ventral view, present a pair of carinae in parallel with the lateral limits of this sclerite. Sting conspicuous. Gyne, male, and larva: unknown. Etymology. named after Dr. William (Bill) Brown Jr., reference for the taxonomy of “basicerotine” ants. Comments. Basiceros browni sp. nov. can be separated from other Basiceros by the combination of a tubuliform petiole, without a projected node; long and pedunculate mandibles with a wide clypeomandibular space; labrum shape (cuneiform, lobes separated by narrow cleft); and general pilosity (long, erect, and clavate hairs). This new taxon was initially recognized from stacked macrophotographs of a worker specimen on AntWeb, deposited at the NHM in London. The label contained a handwritten note indicating it as a paratype (although this species was yet to be formally described) of the species “ Basiceros browni sp. nov. ”. Thanks to the aid of Dr. Brian Fisher (Cal Academy) in identifying the collector origin, the specimen was linked to Dr. Gary J. Umphrey, professor in the Department of Statistics at the University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Dr. Umphrey kindly traveled to the FMNH in Chicago with some Basiceros specimens. Among the workers of this new taxon that Dr. Umphrey made available for examination, one was coated for SEM and missing the left proleg. For those specimens, considerable variation in size could be noted (in mm: HL 1.25–1.41, ML 1.70 –2.00, GL 1.47–1.77, TL 6.55–7.59). Additionally, specimens presented slight variation in the distal margin of labrum, with the cleft in one specimen practically indistinct. The lighter coloration of one of the workers and the absence of particles covering its integument suggest a recently emerged worker, selected to be the holotype. Distribution. So far, only known from the provinces of Pichincha and Los Ríos in Ecuador from two collection events (1978 and 2009, respectively). The specimens collected at the Río Palenque Research Station have “ Pichincha ” as the province; this reserve is instead located in the Province of Los Ríos. Natural history. Virtually nothing is known about the biology of this species. The first collection resulted in four workers; three workers retrieved on July 29, 1978 from a rotten log at the edge of a trail in the middle of a forest. According to Dr. Umphrey, the nest was not found. The last 1978 specimen was collected the following day while foraging about three meters from the place occupied by that rotten log, suggesting it might have been part of the same colony. The paratype collected in Otongachi came from a Winkler sample.Published as part of Probst, Rodolfo Da Silva & Brandão, Carlos Roberto Ferreira, 2022, A taxonomic revision of the dirt ants, Basiceros Schulz, 1906 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 5149 (1) on pages 13-16, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5149.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/660596
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Basiceros militaris
No full textBasiceros militaris (Weber 1950) (Figs 17–20, 31) Aspididris militaris Weber 1950: 3, Fig 1 (worker*, gyne*). Trinidad & Tobago. Wheeler & Wheeler 1955: 114, Plate 6, Figs 11–15 (larva). Combination in Basiceros: Brown 1974, 134. * Intercastes. Type material. Holotype. TRINIDAD & TOBAGO: Trinidad, Nariva Swamp: 23.iv.1935. Weber #140 [AMNH] and two paratypes (one paratype, same locality, same data, Weber#140.1, MCZ 28746; one paratype, same locality, 22.iv.1935, Weber#139, MCZ 28476;) [MCZ] (all intercastes) (examined). Diagnosis. In full-face view, head with vertical margin in the form of a continuous crest, anteriorly separated from the central head convexity by a wide and uninterrupted sulcus. Description. Worker (first description (see Type Material above and Comments section)) (n=5). HL 1.40–1.50, HL2 1.39–1.51, HW1 1.37–1.40, MdL 0.62–0.65, SL1 0.78–0.84, SL2 0.84–0.87, PDL 0.09–0.12, A3L 0.03, AFL 0.33–0.34, FuL 0.90, EL 0.13, EW 0.09–0.11, ML 1.43–1.62, MfL 1.05–1.13, MtL 0.89, PH 0.37, PL 0.59–0.65, PW 0.31–0.34, PPL 0.43–0.48, PPW 0.56, GL 1.54–1.65, GW 1.19–1.25, TL 6.04–6.58, CI 93–97, CS 1.39–1.45, MCI 43–44, SI 61–62, ESI 14–14, SAI2 245–266, EI1 0.15–0.16, MFI 125–131, PTI 158–175. Size small compared to other Basiceros. Coloration dark brown to black; appendages lighter, brown to light brown. Mandibles slightly lighter than the predominant integument coloration; dorsa covered by sparse and minute piligerous punctures, apex with short yellowish setae; interdental setae present, yellowish and filiform, subequal to length of teeth. Suberect clavate hair on the dorsum of each stipe, on its median region. Dorsal surface of head covered by piligerous punctuations; pilosity on head dorsum restricted to a pair of clavate hairs in the posteromedian region, close to the posterior limit of central tumosity. Head lateral and vertexal margins covered by whitish to yellowish erect and clavate hairs, in the following configuration: 10 hairs on the lateral, starting from the region above the eyes and bordering the anterior limit of antennal scrobe and the posterior limit of vertexal crest; five hairs on either side of the dorsal (anterior) edge of vertexal crest; ten hairs on vertexal margin. Ventral surface of head densely covered by filiform suberect hairs, of two sizes: at the center, long hairs arranged in pairs, medium hairs on head sides, densely distributed. Mesosoma and metasoma with slightly clavate subdecumbent pilosity surrounding the anterolateral margin of pronotum and on the sides of propodeal slope. Dorsum of the meso- and metasoma with erect clavate hairs as follows: a pair close to the promesonotal suture; a pair on metanotal flange; a pair on the center of postpetiolar dorsum; 2–3 pairs on the dorsum of first gastral tergite; row of six hairs on the visible portion of the second, third and fourth gastral tergites (similar conformation of gastral dorsum also present on ventral region of this somite, in this case, hairs are slightly clavate). Posterior margin of petiole and dorsum of postpetiole with whitish decumbent and squamiform hairs. Filiform and long hairs on propleura, on the anterior portion of procoxae, and gastral sternites. Squamiform hairs on the anterolateral portion of procoxae and dorsum of meso- and metacoxae. Remaining leg surface densely covered by decumbent hairs from clavate to squamiform. Other pilosity appressed and short, part of thin or thick piligerous punctuations. Glabrous regions of body ranging from mostly smooth and shiny to subopaque and slightly grainy. Head evenly punctuate; punctuations denser on the cephalic sulcus; surface of antennal scrobe predominantly punctuate-foveate, anterior portion sometimes smooth, posterolateral portion punctuate-rugose; ventral margin rugose. Pronotum punctuate-foveate. Dorsum of mesonotum, anterodorsal region of the propodeum, dorsal surface of meso- and metacoxae and dorsum of petiolar and postpetiolar nodes punctuate-rugose. Mesopleuron and metapleuron predominantly smooth or subopaque, with a granular appearance. Mesosternum shelf (surrounded by epicnemial carina) with short, filiform setae along its length. Anterior portion of mesopleuron punctuate-rugose. Side of propodeum with sparse punctuations. Surface of propodeal declivity smooth. Petiolar peduncle irregularly rugulose. Gaster densely punctuate; tergite surface of abdominal segments V, VI, and VII finely and densely punctuate, slightly opaque, tergal margins smooth and shiny; sculpture of first gastral sternite slightly more sparse, anterior portion of this sclerite sometimes subopaque to shiny. Antennal scapes smooth or finely rugose, usually shiny. Funiculi densely and finely punctuate, usually opaque. Legs mostly smooth or rugose; procoxae smooth, lateroposterior portion rugose; dorsum of meso- and metacoxae transversely rugose, short and irregular rugae forming foveae of different sizes. Head disc-shaped, convex posteriorly; sides bordered by a raised margin that extends from the height of compound eyes to posterolateral region and behind the head, forming a crest. Face with central tumosity from the frontoclypeal portion to the posterior portion of head. Frontal sulcus present above the tumosity, separating it from the vertex crest. Vertex margin with convex corners, slightly projected backwards; vertexal crest conspicuous and continuous. Cervical margin carinate. Palp formula 2,2; palps strongly fused, giving the impression of being unsegmented. Stipes subrectangular. Labrum cuneiform; distal margin bilobed, lobes separated by cleft. Mandibles triangular; in full-face view, lateral margins slightly concave; masticatory margin with 10–14 triangular teeth; in lateral view mandibular apex slightly curved ventrally. Clypeus heavily lamellated anteriorly; anterolateral portion gently convex; anterior margin delicately concave on its median portion, hiding the basal angle of mandibles. Scapes with a slightly obtuse basal angle and straight/slightly convex limit before the lamellar crenulate portion. Antennal fossa deep and tapered. Mesosomal profile with bulging promesonotal complex, slightly curving in its posterior portion; promesonotal suture practically imperceptible in dorsal view. Metanotal flange present, slightly oblique to its posterior portion; metanotal suture broad and strongly impressed, longitudinally costulate. Propodeum oblique, anterior margin raised and abruptly followed by the sloping face. In dorsal view, dorsum of propodeum anteriorly narrowed, slightly triangular. Propodeal slope laterally carinate, transverse costulae connecting to short projections, triangular and apically lamellar. Opening of propodeal spiracle round. Metapleural gland bulla protruding, prominent; opening transverse and covered by cuticular lamella. Mesopleuron anteriorly emarginate, interrupted at the epicnemial fossa. In dorsal view, petiolar peduncle longitudinally carinate. In lateral view, petiole claviform; petiolar node with slightly concave anterior surface, dorsal margin domed to convex; postpetiole convex. Subpetiolar process highly variable: from absent to composed of anteroventral projection followed by digitiform protuberances and lamellar region. In dorsal view, petiolar node longitudinally trapezoid, anterior margin narrower and rounded, posterior margin straight; postpetiole slightly wider than long; anterior margin emarginate; posterior margin convex and widely inserted into anterior concavity of gaster. Gaster anteriorly emarginate; longitudinal gastral sulcus present on median portion, shallow and extending over the entire dorsum of first tergite, slightly narrower posteriorly. Calcar of strigil pectinate. Tarsal claws simple. Gyne (first description) (n=3): HL 1.48–1.56, HL2 1.47–1.53, HW1 1.38–1.50, MdL 0.63–0.72, SL1 0.81–0.90, SL2 0.75–0.95, PDL 0.10–.12, A3L 0.03–0.04, AFL 0.33–0.38, FuL 0.85–0.91, EL 0.20–0.25, EW 0.17–0.20, LOD 0.03–0.06, MOD 0.03–0.06, OOD 0.3–0.56, ML 1.73–1.86, MSL 0.76–0.88, MSW 0.82–0.88, MLL 0.28–0.30, MLW 0.46–0.50, MfL 1.11–1.19, MtL 0.84–1.00, PH 0.38–0.43, PL 0.65–0.79, PW 0.35–0.40, PPL 0.48–0.53, PPW 0.55–0.62, GL 1.63–1.95, GW 1.28–1.40, TL 6.61–7.40, CI 93–96 CS 1.43–1.53, MCI 41–46, SI 63–64, ESI 26–27, SAI2 240–290, EI1 0.27–0.28, MTI 100–108, MLI 132–168, MFI 120–127, PTI 173–178. Size and coloration similar to conspecific workers; mesosomal sculpture more developed. Cephalic dorsum with three ocelli: median ocelli inserted slightly below and lateral ocelli inserted just above a pair of clavate and erect hairs. Head pilosity as in workers. Pilosity of anterolateral margin of pronotum denser and longer than on workers. Clavate and erect hairs on mesosoma in the following conformation: three pairs close to the humeral angles and surrounding the posterior limit of pronotum; around four pairs on the dorsum of mesoscutum, one near the center of the scutoscutellar suture; two pairs on the parascutal flange; one pair on each parapside; one pair on the lateral axillar region; two pairs on the dorsum of mesoscutellum; a pair on the metanotal flange, suberect. One pair of erect hairs on the posterodorsal region of petiolar node, other pilosity on petiole same as on workers; pilosity of the postpetiolar dorsum more abundant; postpetiolar sternite with four pairs of curved and subdecumbent clavate hairs. Hairs on the gaster same as on workers. Dorsum of mesoscutum with coarse and irregular longitudinal rugae, forming fovea of different sizes. In lateral view, pronotum and propodeum with coarse and/or foveal punctuations, both sparse. Surface of metepisternum and metakatepisternum either smooth or slightly grainy, subopaque; dorsum of propodeal declivitous face covered by transversal rugae. In dorsal view, mesoscutum anteriorly rounded, slightly cuneiform and with smooth and shiny median carina; posterior margin slightly convex medially at the meeting with the scutoscutellar suture; notauli indistinct; parapsidal lines narrow, slightly curved; distinct (located in a slight depression surrounded by rugae); parapsides shallow; tegulae subrectangular and apically rounded. Pre-scutellum narrow; axillae short, projected posteriorly, rounded and slightly depressed. Scutoscutellar sulcus well-marked, semicircular; broad and relatively shallow. Mesoscutellum transversely subrectangular, projected posteriorly, anterior limit concave. Dorsal face of propodeum strongly inclined; in lateral view, declivitous margin emarginate; projection as in the workers. In lateral view, anapleural sulcus anteriorly broad, smooth or subopaque, with a submedian transverse carina. Gaster with shiny band on the anterior portion of the sternite of first segment. Forewings type 2; hindwing with five submedian hamuli. Intercastes: Holotype. Weber#140. Ocelli present, fully developed. In dorsal view, mesoscutum clearly delimited, although shorter than on conspecific gynes. Subalar area vestigial, residual tegula and axillary sclerite partially covered by the integument. Wing fossae present. Metanotal suture broad, carinate. Metanotal strip present, scutellum rudimentary. Paratype Weber#139, MCZ 28746. Lateral ocelli present, fully developed, median ocellus slightly covered by integument. In dorsal view, mesoscutum vestigial; although fairly delimited, shorter than on conspecific gynes. Subalar area vestigial, almost imperceptible, presenting residual tegula partially covered by the integument. Directly below the tegular residue, slightly spiniform projection present, with globular setae on its apex. This same structure is not present on true gynes, although gynes have a prominence bearing setae under their tegulae. Simple setae over the tegulae can be observed in this paratype, same type of pilosity present on the anterior wing fossae of gynes. Metanotal suture extremely broad. In profile view, epicnemial fossa broad, triangle-shaped, pointing posteriorly. Anterolateral region of propodeum, where it meets the metanotal suture, with flap, apparently a metanotal strip. Midportion of mesonotum slightly concave, due to the presence of a vestigial scutum. Paratype Weber#140.1, MCZ 28746. Head with complete and developed ocellar triangle. Left ocellus appears to be slightly cover by the integument. In dorsal view, mesoscutum clearly delimited, although shorter than on conspecific gynes. Transscutal articulation present. Scutoscutellar sulcus not integrally developed, but presenting a medial carina and irregular foveae typically found on true gynes. Parascutal flange vestigial. Prescutellum indistinct, only recognizable by margin lines. Specimen was probably brachypterous, as the whole wing apparatus is somewhat present, including tegular rudiments. On the right side, pair of specialized hair found on the parapsides of gyne, in the same position. On the left side, only one hair present. Hair on the right side of the specimen on what would be the axilla, the latter undeveloped. Scutellum present, although smaller than on conspecific gynes. Wing fossa developed, with setae similarly as on gynes. The spiniform projection of Weber#139 also present, near the anterior tegula. Hindwing on right side of this specimen glued to specimen’s body, short and rudimentary. Propodeal projection more developed than on Weber#139, narrow metanotal arc present.Published as part of Probst, Rodolfo Da Silva & Brandão, Carlos Roberto Ferreira, 2022, A taxonomic revision of the dirt ants, Basiceros Schulz, 1906 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae), pp. 1-75 in Zootaxa 5149 (1) on pages 43-47, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5149.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/660596
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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