34 research outputs found
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Role-Related Self-Efficacy and Retention of Third-Party Caregivers: Understanding Antecedents of Self-Efficacy in Home-Based Child Care Educators and Foster Caregivers
No full textThird-party caregivers – that is, non-parent caregivers who care for children in some capacity – are very valuable in supporting the healthy development and wellbeing of children and families (Bronfenbrenner, 1990). Two populations of third-party caregivers – home-based childcare educators (HBCCs) and foster caregivers (FCs) – both currently face challenges with retention. Recent research, practice, and policy efforts have turned attention towards ways to better support the wellbeing and motivation of the HBCC workforce and population of FCs. Both populations are similar in many respects: they both care for children in their own homes, and both must navigate various aspects of their roles such as managing child behaviors, navigating system requirements, or accessing services for the children in their care. These experiences all lend themselves to the development of self-efficacy relevant to their respective roles, which is subsequently linked to satisfaction and motivation to continue in those roles (Cooley & Petren, 2011; Tschannen-Moran et al., 2001). Uncovering ways to better understand the needs of these valuable caregivers, including factors affecting the positive development of role-related self-efficacy, could help to identify important targets for future interventions in the early childhood and child welfare realms.
Guided by social learning theory (Bandura, 1989) and Person-Process-Context-Time model (PPCT; Bronfenbrenner & Morris, 2006), these two dissertation studies aim to explore the relation between role-related self-efficacy and intent to continue providing care, as well as antecedents informing the development of self-efficacy for HBCCs and FCs in Oregon. The first study explores factors affecting applying or novice provider’s experience navigating the state registered listing process for license exempt HBCC educators in Oregon. Specifically, this study explored the relation between teaching self-efficacy, job-crafting self-efficacy, and listing approval, considering PPCT-informed antecedents (depression, ideas about child-centered practices, financial barriers, education, employment, initial motivation, age, and years of experience) that may be associated with those factors. Using bivariate analyses, this study found that high job-crafting self-efficacy was significantly associated with successfully meeting listing requirements for providing care, and depression was negatively associated with job-crafting self-efficacy. Further, post hoc analysis revealed that those who were already employed in some capacity were more likely to make it through the listing process. Findings suggest that HBCC providers may experience job-crafting self-efficacy concepts that are distinct to the various requirements of the job, as well as teaching self-efficacy. Applications for future research and policy development are discussed.
The second study of this dissertation focuses on FCs in Oregon by hypothesizing relation between foster youth behaviors, the development of foster parenting self-efficacy, and intent to continue fostering, for those who do and do not experience financial strain. Results suggest that higher levels of disruptive foster youth behaviors predict lower intent to continue fostering as well as lower foster parenting self-efficacy. Post hoc analysis revealed that higher foster parenting self-efficacy did predict lower intent to continue fostering for relative/kinship foster caregivers only. More research is needed to better understand how foster parenting self-efficacy may differ from general parenting self-efficacy, in addition to how it may vary in influence for different types of foster caregivers based on their experiences and needs. In sum, findings from both studies suggest that role-related caregiving self-efficacy is a dynamic concept that varies in development based on the experiences and needs of third-party caregivers, including how it may be used to better support their wellbeing, satisfaction, and subsequent retention
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‘Difficult to place’? Understanding child and family level factors affecting placement stability for youth in foster care
No full textIntroduction: Youth in foster care face greater rates of trauma and subsequent mental health challenges (Bruce et al., 2009; O’Neill et al., 2012; Seltzer et al., 2012; etc.) that place increased burden on their caregivers (Daniel, 2011; McKeough et al., 2017), suggesting that these specific groups of youth in foster care may be difficult to place with suitable caregivers. From a child welfare research perspective, discovering ways to support caregivers to better support these youth may help decrease placement stability challenges for youth in care. More research is needed to determine what child and foster caregiver characteristics may contribute to placement stability trajectories for youth with behavioral problems and/or emotional disabilities. The present study aims to examine the interplay of youth mental health, placement stability and the role of the foster family for youth in care using an existing data set. Methods: Data in the parent study were collected on 328 youth (164 sibling dyads) in foster care in an NIMH funded RCT (Kothari et al., 2017) and included information on various behavioral problems and/or emotional disabilities, number of placement changes in the system, feelings of integration in the foster home, relationship to current caregivers, and demographic caregiver characteristics. The present study conducted a secondary analysis of a subsample of this dataset. Results: Results from this investigation suggest that youth who experience more behavioral and/or emotional problems/disabilities (i.e., depression, PTSD, aggression, ADHD, etc.) experience more frequent placement disruptions than youth who have fewer. In preliminary findings, youth identified as difficult to place indicated no differences in youth reported feelings of home integration when compared to youth not identified as difficult to place. Results also suggest that relationship to caregiver (e.g., kinship/stranger) is associated with D2P scores, and caregiver education is associated with D2P scores for older siblings only. Conclusion: Youth in care who experience behavioral and/or mental health problems are more likely to experience placement disruptions than youth who do not, and there are child and family factors that are critical to understand. Future research should continue to explore these factors because these findings have important practice and policy implications
Exploring experiences of postsecondary education for adult learners from communities of color in Oregon
No full textprepared by: Roberta Hunte, Gita Mehrotra, Miranda Mosier, Eva Skuratowicz, Kylee Sanders, Kevin Cherry, and Anita Gooding ; developed for the Higher Education Coordinating Commission.Title from PDF cover (viewed on June 15, 2021)."This report was completed by faculty and staff at Portland State University and Southern Oregon University, with support from HECC"--Page 3.This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Includes bibliographical references.Funding for this report was made possible by Lumina FoundationMode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Political knowledge and social media use in the digital media system
No full textMy dissertation explores how social media exposure affects political knowledge among the American public. Political knowledge is central to any understanding of citizen competence, yet key questions remain about how to best increase citizens’ information levels. My dissertation project assesses to what extent the dramatic rise in social media use has influenced how people receive, evaluate, and respond to information about politics. Previous research contends that although information about politics is increasingly accessible and available, the overall levels and social distribution of political knowledge within the American public has remained stable. However, the conception of political knowledge used most frequently in political science focuses on knowledge about the operation of government and key political players, which is only one of several types of political knowledge that citizens might possess.
My research begins with the premise that certain media types may be better or worse at facilitating learning of different types of knowledge, of which the familiar political science variety is only one. I introduce a knowledge typology that focuses on both knowledge content and type. In terms of knowledge content, most political behavior studies rely on a civics measure of knowledge (i.e. individuals’ understandings about what the government is). In addition to civics knowledge, this project also measures and tests current events knowledge (i.e. individuals’ understandings about what the government does). Even more importantly, the knowledge typology introduces subjective political knowledge as a distinct type of knowledge that individuals possess. Subjective political knowledge encompasses people’s perceptions about what they think they know about politics and their knowledge certainty. Assessing the relationship between objective and subjective political knowledge demonstrates that, although related, these knowledge types are not identical to one another. In an increasingly fragmented and polarized information environment, where people rely on sources like social media for political information, the assumed relationships between media exposure and political knowledge may no longer hold. Using survey and experimental data, I demonstrate that exposure to political information via social media platforms like Facebook can increase specific types of knowledge like subjective political knowledge, while having less of an impact on objective political knowledge. Ultimately this project introduces new types of knowledge and demonstrates how the rise of social media has important effects on people’s apparent levels of political knowledge.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2020-05-01The student, Kylee Britzman, accepted the attached license on 2018-04-02 at 10:10.The student, Kylee Britzman, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2018-04-02 at 10:16.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2018-04-03 at 09:01.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #12108 on 2018-08-31 at 17:18:08Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-04T20:33:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Motivational video vs self-selected song as a pre-task prime for maximal anaerobic performance
No full textMusic and video are widely used in pre-performance routines as motivational tools. Our study seeks to investigate if priming with a motivational video in comparison to priming with music will result in a greater anaerobic performance. Discussion: Neither of the motivational primes had a significantly greater anaerobic capacity, anaerobic power or a lower fatigue index. Music significantly increased perceived motivation, arousal and valence, but video only significantly increased motivation and valence. Video and music did not have a significant difference compared to each other for increasing perceived motivation, arousal and valence. Conclusion: Video and music used as a pre-performance motivational prime have no significant difference on maximal anaerobic performance and perceived motivation.Not peer reviewedStudent Research Day Poster (2019
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction: A Psychotherapeutic Intervention in Patients with Chronic Dermatological Diseases
No full textabstract: Psychological stress plays a vital role in skin disease. The worsening and reoccurrence of signs and symptoms of a wide array of skin diseases have been linked by various studies to stress. Together, stress and skin disease synergistically inhibit occupational, social, and emotional functioning resulting in diminished quality of life (Dixon, Witcraft, & Perry, 2019). Heightened levels of stress may contribute to an assortment of immediate and future adverse outcomes. These outcomes include triggering a skin outbreak, impairing function, behavioral avoidance, intense negative emotions such as shame and embarrassment, and emotional distress such as depression and anxiety (Dixon et al., 2019). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the relationship of stress, anxiety, and depression to the specific chronic skin diseases of acne vulgaris, psoriasis, vitiligo, rosacea, and atopic dermatitis. It will also discuss how a psychotherapeutic intervention called mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) may decrease anxiety and depression in individuals affected by chronic skin diseases. This paper will also highlight the impact of MBSR on treatment adherence to dermatological prescription medications. A pilot program conducted in a dermatology clinic evaluates the effectiveness of an online mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention to decrease patient anxiety and depression. Results indicate clinical significance in that participants noted reduced anxiety and depression symptoms and scores, enjoyed MBSR and would continue MBSR. The potential benefits of this pilot program may include decreased patient anxiety and depression, increased patient satisfaction, increased treatment adherence, improved patient satisfaction of intervention, and improved patient outcomes
Managing History & Hauntings: The Spirit of Public History
No full textAuthor: Kylee Cole, public historian and historic preservationist at Arkansas State Parks. The Borden House at Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park, photo by Kylee Cole. Nestled in the heart of the rolling Ozark Mountains in Northwest Arkansas you’ll find Prairie Grove Battlefield State Park (PGBSP). This park, managed by Arkansas State Parks, is a sprawling collection of over 900 acres of rolling fields, tree-capped ridges, and nineteenth-century vernacular architecture. PGBSP pr..
Creating a Safe Space: Therapeutic Relationships With Adolescents Who Have Experienced Childhood Emotional Abuse
No full textIn this capstone the author explores the experiences of adolescents who have endured childhood emotional abuse within the therapeutic relationship. Significant numbers of individuals experience childhood emotional abuse, with adolescence offering a developmental period of critical intervention. However, exploration of the impact on this population remains a gap in the literature. The author conducted a comprehensive literature review, analysis, and synthesis of various scholarly studies and found that adolescence holds an array of challenges that inhibit the ability to form and maintain strong therapeutic alliances through difficulties with trust, emotional dysregulation, rejection sensitivity, and the stigmatisation of mental health care. The negative effects of childhood emotional abuse often hinder the capacity to form therapeutic alliances because of challenges in trust, emotional dysregulation, and low psychological well-being. The intersection of these factors has significant negative implications for opportunities for adolescents who have experienced childhood emotional abuse to foster positive relationships and heal through the therapeutic process. Understanding the intersection of impacts on this population is vital to provide therapeutic supports competently and effectively. In consideration of the findings of the capstone project, the author has made suggestions for clinical applications and future areas of research
Echinococcus multilocularis infection in a red fox (Vulpes vulpes) on Prince Edward Island, Canada
No full textObjective
Molecular identification of small cestodes, morphologically consistent with Echinococcus multilocularis, recovered at
necropsy from the gastrointestinal tract contents of a red fox, was accomplished by PCR using published speciesspecific nad1 primers and methods.
Animal
Red fox (Vulpes vulpes).
Procedure
Small cestodes recovered from intestinal contents of a red fox trapped on Prince Edward Island in December 2020
(frozen at 220°C before being processed for parasite recovery in June 2021) were morphologically identified.
Species identity confirmation and haplotyping of the cestodes were done via PCR and DNA sequencing of the
nad1, nad2, and cob genes.
Results
Small cestodes morphologically consistent with E. multilocularis were detected in the gastrointestinal tract contents
of a red fox trapped near Montague, PEI. The species identity was confirmed via PCR. Haplotyping revealed that
they were of the European E1 haplotype.
Conclusion
In Canada, E. multilocularis has been reported as far east as Québec, with most reports being in central and western provinces and territories. This is the first report of E. multilocularis infection in a canid host east of Ontario,
Canada and illustrates the need for regular wildlife disease surveillance to enhance our understanding of emerging
pathogens of veterinary and medical importance.
Clinical Relevance
Echinococcus multilocularis is a highly pathogenic zoonotic cestode from the family Taeniidae that can cause alveolar
echinococcosis (AE) when rodents, dogs, horses, pigs, non-human primates, or humans ingest its eggs. Alveolar
echinococcosis is challenging to treat, and survival rates for untreated individuals are low
