1,720,955 research outputs found
Cold plasma treatment to improve banana growth and disease tolerance against fusarium wilt / Priya Rajakumar
No full textBanana (Musa spp.) is a valuable fruit crop due to its high nutrition and availability throughout the year. Being among the top 10 staple food by production, banana serves millions of lives worldwide. However, banana production is threatened by a destructive disease called Fusarium wilt, caused by the hemi-biotrophic soil-borne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc). Developing disease-tolerant banana varieties through conventional breeding or genetic engineering is complicated by the parthenocarpic nature of bananas, which lack seeds for traditional breeding methods. An alternative to these methods is using an eco-agricultural technology called cold plasma (CP) treatment. CP treatment is a non-ionizing radiation that uses electricity and reactive carrier gases (nitrogen, oxygen, helium) to inactivate enzymes, microbial decontamination and for food preservation. Besides, CP treatment also plays a role in crop improvement via growth and disease tolerance improvement. For consistency, the term ‘cold plasma’ will be generally referred as ‘plasma’ throughout the thesis. This study aimed to investigate the plasma effects on the growth performances and Fusarium wilt disease tolerance in banana plants. In this study, tissue culture derived ‘Berangan’ banana plantlets were treated with plasma followed by two months acclimatization in the greenhouse. Growth performances in terms of height, leaf number and stem diameter were measured and evaluated over a three-month duration for the plasma-treated plants in comparison with the untreated plants. Plasma treatment exhibited a favourable impact on plant growth, with no observed negative effects. In addition, a bioassay experiment was conducted by inoculating both plasma-treated and untreated plants with Foc Tropical Race 4 (Foc TR4) to study the plasma effect on Foc tolerance. Controls were also prepared (non-Foc inoculated plants comprises of plasma-treated and untreated). Disease severity index (DSI) and disease progression were recorded throughout five weeks post-Foc inoculation. Plasma-treated plants displayed delayed disease progression at week four compared to the untreated plants that started exhibiting severe wilting symptoms in week three. Nevertheless, the plasma-treated plants were found to be highly susceptible to Foc infection just like the untreated (non-plasma). However, DSI values in terms of leaf symptom index (LSI) and rhizome discoloration index (RDI) for the plasma-treated plants were slightly lesser (LSI: 4.0, RDI: 6.0) compared to the untreated plants (LSI: 4.2, RDI: 6.6). To understand the regulatory mechanism underlying CP treatment which influences the growth and defence in banana plants, several Foc-responsive genes involved in defence and growth were selected for this study including defence-related (PR1, WRKY22, WRKY50, PAL, CEBiP, ChiH) and growth-related (Cytochrome P450, NAC68, CAT) genes. qPCR analysis of root samples collected at 2-, 24-, 48- and 72-hours post-inoculation (hpi) revealed differential expression of those genes following CP treatment and Foc TR4 inoculation. CP treatment was found to differentially induce the defence and growth genes, particularly in conjunction with Foc TR4 infection. The findings not only shed light on the potential use of CP to increase yield by improving growth and tolerance against Fusarium wilt but offer insights into the possible mechanisms contributing to the improved traits
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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