1,721,977 research outputs found
"Laudato ingentia rura, exiguum colito". Assemblaggi archeobotanici a confronto nella Sicilia Medievale: dagli orti di Mazara del Vallo (Trapani) ai campi aperti di Casale San Pietro(Castronovo di Sicilia, Palermo)
No full textLa celebre frase di Catone “Laudato ingentia rura, exiguum colito” offre l’opportunità di focalizzare in un'unica immagine, due differenti modalità di utilizzo del territorio, non necessariamente contrapposte. Mentre nella letteratura archeobotanica è facile cogliere negli assemblaggi carpologici (relativi, dunque, a resti di semi e frutti) indicatori diretti della coltivazione in campi aperti (es. cerealicoltura), più rare e flebili sono invece le testimonianze potenzialmente legate a spazi produttivi differenti: gli orti e i giardini (PEÑA-CHOCARRO, PÉREZ-JORDÀ, 2019 p. 377, nota 10). Le motivazioni sottese a questa discrepanza sono dovute a numerose ragioni; tra queste le principali sono connesse alla tipologia di contesti archeologici indagati, alle strategie di campionamento/recupero delle evidenze vegetali ed alle modalità di conservazione degli stessi resti.
Il contributo proposto intende presentare e confrontare gli assemblaggi archeobotanici di due siti medievali siciliani, il sito rurale di Casale San Pietro (Castronovo di Sicilia) e la città portuale di Mazara del Vallo (fig. 1), indagati dal Laboratorio di Archeobotanica e Paleoecologia del Dipartimento di Beni Culturali dell’Università del Salento (Le). Le indagini si collocano nell’ambito del progetto ERC (AdG 693600) “Sic-Transit - The Archaeology of regime changes: Sicily in transition”, finalizzato alla comprensione dei cambiamenti ideologici, sociali ed economici della Sicilia tra il VI ed il XIII secolo, riflessi nella cultura materiale (tra cui anche il record vegetale) come conseguenza dei cambiamenti dei regimi politici vissuti nell’isola in questo lasso di tempo (Bizantini, Arabi, Normanni, Svevi).
Gli assemblaggi analizzati e confrontati in questo contributo, permettono di ricostruire una realtà agricola e produttiva variegata ma che, nel corso delle differenti fasi cronologiche indagate, sembra evidenziare a livello di “micro-storia” le diverse vocazioni dei due siti mentre, in un sistema più generale di organizzazione ed uso del territorio, concorrono a definire con maggiori dettagli la storia dell’agricoltura siciliana medievale
Evaluation and management of a child with short stature
No full textGrowth monitoring is a fundamental approach to evaluate a child's health and it is part of preventive programs to timely identify and treat a possible disease. Height and weight measurements, calculation of height velocity over time are main instruments to discover pathological deviations. Short stature is defined as a height that is greater than or equal 2 standard deviations (SDS) below the mean height for reference children comparable for sex and age. According to the International Classification of Pediatric Endocrine Diagnosis (ICPED) the possible causes of short stature could be divided into three groups: primary growth disorders (intrinsic diseases of the growth plate), secondary growth disorders (diseases that interfere on the growth plate setting) and the idiopathic short stature in which no possible cause is identified. The etiology of short stature is not always a disease, but it could be a variant of normal growth. Furthermore, to date there are new advances in the genetic causes of short stature. A detailed evaluation of a child with growth impairment should include an accurate history, a standardize physical examination, general and specific laboratory evaluations, radiologic investigations and genetic testing. Short stature could represent an important threat for physical and psychological health in a child, so a prompt identification of abnormal growth deviations offers the possibility to early treat the possible cause of shortness. This review aimed to discuss a practical approach to a child with short stature on the bases of the most recent scientific evidence
Prediction and Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes
No full textType 1 Diabetes (T1D) is one of the most common chronic autoimmune diseases in children. The disease is characterized by the destruction of beta cells, leading to hyperglycemia, and to a lifelong insulin-dependent state. Although several studies in the last decades have added relevant insights, the complex pathogenesis of the disease is not yet completely understood. Recent studies have been focused on several factors, including family history and genetic predisposition (HLA and non-HLA genes) as well as environmental and metabolic biomarkers, with the aim of predicting the development and progression of T1D. Once a child becomes symptomatic, beta cell mass has already reached a critical threshold (usually a residual of 20–30% of normal amounts), thus representing only the very late phase of the disease. In particular, this final stage follows two preceding asymptomatic stages, which have been precisely identified. In view of the long natural history and complex pathogenesis of the disease, many strategies may be proposed for primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Strategies of primary prevention aim to prevent the onset of autoimmunity against beta cells in asymptomatic individuals at high risk for T1D. In addition, the availability of novel humoral and metabolic biomarkers that are able to characterize subjects at high risk of progression, have stimulated several studies on secondary and tertiary prevention, aimed to preserve residual beta cell destruction and/or to prolong the remission phase after the onset of T1D. This review focuses on the major current knowledge on prediction and prevention of T1D in children
Several wood for several uses. Exploitation and selection at the pile-dwelling cave settlement Grotta di Pertosa
No full textGrotte di Pertosa is a natural karst cave located on the northeastern slopes of the Alburni Mountains in Campania (Southern Italy). This cave housed a pile-dwelling settlement
during the Middle and Late Bronze Age. A peculiar aspect of this archaeological site is the preservation of the protohistoric wooden structures thanks to the waters of the underground
stream flowing in the cave.
The most impressive evidence comprises the floors of two different pile-dwelling levels, which were first excavated in the late nineteenth century by Patroni and Carucci. These
scholars published data concerning both the structures and the wooden artifacts discovered. Therefore, in this paper, a review of the inferred archaeobotanical data from their
studies is provided.
Fortunately, several wooden poles have been preserved in the riverbed area; they are still accessible and represent the main subject of this work. So far 86 poles, still deeply
driven into the riverbed, have been identified and registered.
Microscopic wood analysis has been conducted on 46 samples taken from as many poles during the 2009-2013 research campaigns; furthermore 20 wood samples of uncertain
attribution, found in a rich organic material layer, have also been analyzed as well as charcoal preserved in the same archaeological stratum.
A first result from this study is related to paleoenvironmental issues. The comparison between the archaeobotanical assemblages and the modern surrounding vegetation, in light
of the paleoclimatic data available in the literature, allowed us to elaborate on a preliminary paleoenvironmental reconstruction and to speculate about the catchment areas of
wood exploited. The archaeobotanical study provided also information about wood used for different purposes: building material, fuel and craft-activities
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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