1,720,962 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
NUMERALS IN THE VENTRAL STREAM: BRAIN ARCHITECTURE AND DEVELOPMENT
No full textThe representation and processing of alphanumeric symbols in the brain provides an appealing model system for probing mechanisms of brain function and development. Humans use abstract signs, such as letters and numbers, to efficiently tap into distributed brain networks involved in language and mathematics. The invention of written symbol systems occurred too recently in human history for dedicated brain circuits to have evolved for their used. Remarkably, however, after sufficient learning, numbers and letters are found to engage distinct areas along the ventral visual pathway within the occipitotemporal cortex (OTC), including bilateral regions responsive to numerals and a left-lateralized region responsive to letters. The ventral pathway supports object recognition, housing neural populations that represent “what” an input is (i.e., properties of its identity). In humans and non-human primates, the OTC contains a patchwork of areas whose spatial layout is consistent and largely organized around behaviorally- relevant categories of experience, including regions preferentially involved in processing faces, bodies, places, and manipulable objects. Numbers and letters carve out their respective niches within this pre-existing circuitry but, many outstanding questions remain. For instance, why are symbol areas segregated and consistently localized where they are? How and when do they come to acquire their preference for one set of symbols versus another? In this dissertation, I used symbol processing in the ventral stream as a model system for understanding how human learning interacts with innate brain architecture. Our findings were consistent with the idea that long-range connectivity patterns, in terms of axonal wiring and regional communication, determine the location and lateralization of newly-acquired functions in the brain. We further found that brain areas preferentially engaged by Arabic numerals in adults become increasingly tuned to numerals as children go through school, providing novel evidence of experience-dependent plasticity. Our work speaks to several theories of brain organization and development, but perhaps more importantly, opens the door to a number of future directions
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Characterizing the spatial, functional, and representational properties of the ventral occipitotemporal “Number Form Areas”
No full textArabic digits are perhaps the most ubiquitous symbol set used regardless of one’s native language and script. The ability to read numerals fluently is critical to succeed in the modern world. Yet, we know very little about whether the perceptual system for reading Arabic numerals is the same as that used for reading words. In this dissertation, I present three studies in adults that aimed to characterize the spatial, functional, and representational properties of the putative “Number Form Areas” (NFAs) that are thought to be sensitive to digit shapes and are specialized for processing Arabic numerals. Study 1 searched for the most probable location of an NFA with a coordinate-based meta-analysis of fMRI studies. We found a reproducible region in the right inferior temporal gyrus that responds more to Arabic numerals than to other familiar symbol sets. Study 2 probed whether the candidate right NFA represents information about character category and visual form when digits and other character categories are viewed passively. We found that the right NFA distinguished numerals from other categories, but was not sensitive to digit shapes. These suggest the NFA may be part of a neural pathway for automatic processing of objects with numerical relevance, and that “number form” as a functional label may be inappropriate. Study 3 probed whether the left and right NFAs are functionally different, and whether their functional and representational properties are behaviorally relevant. Our findings suggest that the regions are asymmetrically weighted between hemispheres in some functional responses and representations, but there was no evidence that they are qualitatively different. Individual differences in several properties, including laterality, were also related to symbolic calculation skills. Taken together, the findings not only speak to the existence and properties of the so-called NFAs, but also the interaction between culture and neurobiology – how our brains assimilate or accommodate the learning of multiple culturally defined symbol sets for similar or distinct representational purposes (e.g., words, numbers, and music). This work thus lays the groundwork for understanding the behavioral consequences when a brain struggles to incorporate the learning of different symbol sets within its existing neural architecture
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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