1,720,959 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Transkriptomische und genomische Ansätze zur Erforschung der RNA-Biologie des Darmsymbionten
No full textThe human intestine is home to hundreds of bacterial species that collectively modulate, exploit and maintain the host’s physiological equilibrium. The dominant phyla in the gut are the Bacteroidota and Bacillota and, among the former, the anaerobe, Gram negative Bacteroides spp. are major human mutualists. B. thetaiotaomicron has over time become a model species of the beneficial microbiota due to its relative ease of cultivation and the development of genetic tools. However, many aspects of this bacterium’s physiology and mechanistic details of its interaction with host cells and tissues remain unknown. Notably, the RNA biology of Bacteroides spp. has been largely neglected until recently. This includes small noncoding RNA (sRNAs), which are universal regulators of gene expression in bacteria and are predicted to be present in the hundreds within the Bacteroides genome.
This thesis describes the establishment of sequencing-based approaches for the characterization of the gene content and expression profiles of B. thetaiotaomicron. Special attention is dedicated to sRNAs, known in other species for their critical role in quickly adapting to external and intrinsic stimuli and expected to be equally important in Bacteroides due to the dynamic nature of the gut environment. Here, using comparative genomics, we determine the conservation and secondary structures of various B. thetaiotaomicron sRNAs and predict several Bacteroides RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). We then present a strategy for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) depletion from RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) libraries, which allows to increase the informational output obtained from low-input studies such as single-bacteria RNA-seq. Next, a CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) screening approach is established and harnessed to determine the context-dependent functional relevance of sRNAs, revealing regulators of bile stress susceptibility and mucus adherence. Finally, the transcriptomes of both human and B. thetaiotaomicron cells are profiled during colonization of a gut epithelium model, revealing host responses to bacterial presence and Bacteroides metabolic specialization and sRNA expression dynamics. Together, the work reported here expands our knowledge of the B. thetaiotaomicron RNA landscape and introduces several tools and strategies for its investigation.Der menschliche Darm beherbergt Hunderte von Bakterien, die gemeinsam das physiologische Gleichgewicht des Wirtes modulieren, ausnutzen und aufrechterhalten. Die vorherrschenden Phyla im Darm sind die Bacteroidota und Bacillota. Unter den ersteren sind die anaeroben, gramnegativen Bacteroides spp. die wichtigsten menschlichen Mutualisten. B. thetaiotaomicron hat sich im Laufe der Zeit zu einer Modellspezies der kommensalen Mikrobiota entwickelt, da es sich relativ leicht kultivieren lässt und Hilfsmittel zur genetischen Manipulation vorhanden sind. Viele Aspekte der Physiologie dieses Bakteriums sowie mechanistische Details seiner Interaktion mit Wirtszellen und -geweben sind jedoch noch unbekannt. Vor allem die RNA-Biologie von Bacteroides spp. wurde bis vor kurzem weitgehend vernachlässigt. Dies gilt auch für kleine, nicht kodierende RNAs (sRNAs), welche universelle Regulatoren der Genexpression in Bakterien sind und im Genom von Bacteroides zu Hunderten vorhergesagt werden.
Diese Arbeit beschreibt die Etablierung sequenzierungsbasierter Ansätze zur Charakterisierung des Geninhalts und der Expressionsprofile von B. thetaiotaomicron. Besonderes Augenmerk gilt dabei den sRNAs, die bei anderen Spezies für ihre kritische Rolle während der schnellen Anpassung an externe und intrinsische Stimuli bekannt sind. Aufgrund der dynamischen Natur der Darmumgebung nimmt man daher an, dass sie bei Bacteroides eine ebenso wichtige Rolle spielen. Durch vergleichende Genomik sagen wir die Erhaltung und die Sekundärstrukturen verschiedener sRNAs von B. thetaiotaomicron voraus und prognostizieren mehrere Bacteroides RNA-bindende Proteine (RBPs). Es wird außerdem eine Strategie zur Abreicherung ribosomaler RNA (rRNA) aus RNA-Sequenzierungsbibliotheken (RNA-seq) vorgestellt. Diese ermöglicht es, den Informationsgehalt von Studien mit geringem Ausgangsmaterial, wie z. B. Einzelbakterium RNA-seq, zu erhöhen. Darüber hinaus wird ein CRISPR-Interferenz-Screening-Ansatz (CRISPRi) eingeführt und genutzt, um die kontextabhängige funktionelle Bedeutung von sRNAs zu bestimmen und Regulatoren für die Anfälligkeit für Gallenstress und die Schleimadhäsion aufzudecken. Schließlich werden die Transkriptome sowohl von menschlichen als auch von B. thetaiotaomicron-Zellen während der Besiedlung eines Darmepithelmodells charakterisiert, um die Reaktionen des Wirts auf die bakterielle Präsenz, die metabolische Spezialisierung von Bacteroides und die Dynamik der sRNA-Expression aufzudecken. Insgesamt erweitert die hier vorgestellte Arbeit unser Wissen über die RNA-Landschaft von B. thetaiotaomicron und stellt mehrere Instrumente und Strategien für ihre Untersuchung zur Verfügung
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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