1,720,991 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Microsporidian infection in white-claw crayfish populations is widespread in Northern Italy
No full textConservation measures for Austropotamobius pallipes may involve the relocation of animals into protected healthy sites or introduction into rearing center for species recovery. Prior to movement of animals it is therefore essential that health surveys are conducted to prevent further disease transfer. One of the most widespread significant disease of freshwater crayfish globally are microsporidiosis. The aim of this study was to trace a map of distribution of the affected white-clawed crayfish populations in Italy. The whiteness allows a macroscopically easy detection of the disease during crayfish sampling. During the period 2009-2016 we monitored 34 populations for a total of 3023 crayfish. From 11 streams we found and collected 100 crayfish suspected of microsporidiosis, and 86 out of them were analyzed using histological and biomolecular techniques. Nine populations were affected by Thelohania contejeani, eight by unidentified microsporidian, who was found in an Apennine crayfish population for the first tim
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Updated distribution and characterization of crayfish plague and microsporidiosis affecting Austropotamobius pallipes complex in Trentino (Northeast Italy)
Full text linkOne of the causes of the decline in distribution and abundance of the endangered white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes complex throughout Europe is the widespread invasion of alien crayfish and the associated spread of infectious diseases, primarily crayfish plague caused by Aphanomyces astaci. Although this disease usually causes mass mortality in A. pallipes, some wild populations appear tolerant towards A. astaci. Another relevant disease is microsporidiosis (porcelain disease), caused by the parasites Astathelohania contejeani and/or Nosema austropotamobii. In 2021-2024, we conducted a monitoring survey, aimed at mapping the distribution of A. astaci, A. contejeani and N. austropotamobii in wild populations of A. pallipes in Trentino (Northeast Italy). We applied non-invasive sampling methods to collect cuticular swabs from 31 of the 46 known populations, investigate the presence of A. astaci and if possible, identify its genotype through molecular analyses. Aphanomyces astaci was detected in 8 populations, and the presence of a low pathogenic genotype (genotype A) was confirmed in one of them. Thirty-three specimens from 10 populations showed macroscopic signs of porcelain disease, abdominal muscle tissues were collected and subjected to molecular evaluation. The presence of A. contejeani was identified in 23 individuals from 9 populations and N. austropotamobii was detected in 3 individuals, from 3 populations. 8 specimens collected from 6 populations were co-infected by the two microsporidians. This study was partly supported by the EU LIFE Programme: LIFE-CLAW, Crayfish Lineages Conservation in North-western Apennine (LIFE18 NAT/IT/000806), and by the SAGA and SAGA2 collaborative projects between FEM and IZSVe
PROVE DI PATOGENICITÀ DI CEPPI DI VIBRIO HARVEYI IN BRANZINO
No full textVibrio harveyi è una specie patogena emergente per l’acquacoltura marina a livello globale. In ambito europeo e mediterraneo questa specie sta acquisendo importanza nell’allevamento di pesci piatti (Psetta sp., Solea sp.) e del branzino (Dicentrarchus labrax). In D. labrax V. harveyi è stato isolato in episodi di mortalità, durante le fasi di ingrasso (40-160 gr), caratterizzati da atassia natatoria, anoressia, lesioni cutanee e cheratiti. Lo sviluppo di un vaccino proteggente contro l’infezione da Vibrio harveyi risulta interessante per gli allevatori sia nella fase di grow-out che nella stabulazione in avannotteria. In quest’ottica è stato approntato un protocollo sperimentale per valutare la patogenicità di differenti ceppi di V. harveyi in branzino e successivamente attuare prove di efficacia vaccinale. Tale protocollo è stato valutato ed approvato dal Ministero della Salute (Direzione Generale Sanità Animale e dei Farmaci Veterinari, Ufficio VI) con autorizzazione n° 776/2015-PR. Le prove di infezione sono state condotte presso l’acquario sperimentale IZSVe (Legnaro). I branzini sono stati acquistati ad una taglia di circa 2 g, non vaccinati per V. anguillarum-V. ordalii. Le prove di infezione sono state attuate in vasche tronco-coniche (250 l), dotate di filtro esterno e UV dedicato, ad una temperatura di 24°C e salinità di 33‰. Sono stati inizialmente testati 10 ceppi di V. harveyi, con caratteristiche fenotipiche differenti, isolati in episodi di mortalità in D. labrax, mediante somministrazione intra peritoneale e immersione, per valutarne la virulenza in vivo. I 4 ceppi più patogeni sono stati successivamente testati per determinare la dose in grado di causare mortalità nel 70% degli esemplari (Lethal Dose70), mediante somministrazione i.p. (5 concentrazioni differenti: 3x10^3 - 3x10^7 ufc/soggetto) e per immersione (2 concentrazioni: 1x10^8ufc/ml; 1x10^9ufc/ml) in branzini di 5 g (12 esemplari per prova). Un solo ceppo ha evidenziato mortalità per immersione. In tutti gli esemplari venuti a morte è stato possibile re-isolare V. harveyi da encefalo e rene cefalico. Nelle prove condotte mediante inoculo i.p. la mortalità si è evidenziata a partire dalle 12-16 ore post-infezione concludendosi in 72-96 ore. Gli esemplari presentavano apatia, melanosi, iperventilazione, morendo a poche ore dalla comparsa dei segni clinici, generalmente con facies asfittica (opercoli dilatati). In alcuni casi si osservavano sintomi neurologici con atassia e nuoto a spirale. L’esame autoptico ha evidenziato costantemente grave enterite siero-catarrale con marcata dilatazione del lume intestinale (tratto prossimale) e grave congestione encefalica. L’esame istologico eseguito su soggetti preagonici ha evidenziato setticemia, con presenza di colonie batteriche in tutti gli organi parenchimatosi, ed encefalite. L’intestino prossimale presentava distacco della mucosa e colonie batteriche evidenti nella sottomucosa e nei vasi associati. L’epitelio gastrico e rettale appariva conservato. Negli esemplari infettati per immersione la mortalità compariva a partire dalle 24 ore ed era più dilazionata. Si osservavano lesioni cutanee con desquamazione, ulcere dermiche con esposizione della muscolatura, cheratite ed enterite siero-catarrale. Istologicamente si confermava la presenza di dermatite e miosite batterica con diffusione setticemica ed encefalite. Un protocollo IHC è stato standardizzato applicando un siero policlonale ottenuto mediante l’immunizzazione ripetuta di un coniglio SPF con inoculo di 3 ceppi virulenti di V. harveyi. Il siero è stato applicato ad una diluizione 1:2000, con buoni risultati
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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