3 research outputs found
Torture as Jus Cogens Norm
No full textArticle analyzes the jus cogens norms and the legal effects produced by those. Its importance lies in the fact that international crimes that rise to the level of jus cogensconstitute obligation erga omneswhich are inderogable from the all word countries. This study aims to contribute to earlier studies dedicated to the jus cogens norm. This paper is based on the author’s research about torture as jus cogens norm as part of the PhD thesis. In order to achive better results the analysis is based on the following methods: observation, comparison and case-law. The study may be of special interest to the members of the judiciary, researchers and academics because of solution of torture protection in universal way without exception. Its main contribution lies in identification of competent authority to identify jus cogens norms
DIANA-miRGen v3.0: Accurate characterization of microRNA promoters and their regulators
No full textMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that actively fine-tune gene expression. The accurate characterization of the mechanisms underlying miRNA transcription regulation will further expand our knowledge regarding their implication in homeostatic and pathobiological networks. Aim of DIANA-miRGen v3.0 (http://www.microrna.gr/mirgen) is to provide for the first time accurate cell-line-specific miRNA gene transcription start sites (TSSs), coupled with genome-wide maps of transcription factor (TF) binding sites in order to unveil the mechanisms of miRNA transcription regulation. To this end, more than 7.3 billion RNA-, ChIP- and DNase-Seq next generation sequencing reads were analyzed/assembled and combined with state-of-the-art miRNA TSS prediction and TF binding site identification algorithms. The new database schema and web interface facilitates user interaction, provides advanced queries and innate connection with other DIANA resources for miRNA target identification and pathway analysis. The database currently supports 276 miRNA TSSs that correspond to 428 precursors and >19M binding sites of 202 TFs on a genome-wide scale in nine cell-lines and six tissues of Homo sapiensand Mus musculus. © The Author(s) 2015
DIANA-miRGen v4: Indexing promoters and regulators for more than 1500 microRNAs
No full textDeregulation of microRNA (miRNA) expression plays a critical role in the transition from a physiological to a pathological state. The accurate miRNA promoter identification in multiple cell types is a fundamental endeavor towards understanding and characterizing the underlying mechanisms of both physiological as well as pathological conditions. DIANA-miRGen v4 (www.microrna.gr/mirgenv4) provides cell type specific miRNA transcription start sites (TSSs) for over 1500 miRNAs retrieved from the analysis of >1000 cap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) samples corresponding to 133 tissues, cell lines and primary cells available in FANTOM repository. MiRNA TSS locations were associated with transcription factor binding site (TFBSs) annotation, for >280 TFs, derived from analyzing the majority of ENCODE ChIP-Seq datasets. For the first time, clusters of cell types having common miRNA TSSs are characterized and provided through a user friendly interface with multiple layers of customization. DIANA-miRGen v4 significantly improves our understanding of miRNA biogenesis regulation at the transcriptional level by providing a unique integration of high-quality annotations for hundreds of cell specific miRNA promoters with experimentally derived TFBSs. © 2021 The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research
