196,925 research outputs found
Are You Being Rejected or Excluded? Insights from Neuroimaging Studies Using Different Rejection Paradigms
No full textRejection sensitivity is the heightened tendency to perceive or anxiously expect disengagement from others during social interaction. There has been a recent wave of neuroimaging studies of rejection. The aim of the current review was to determine key brain regions involved in social rejection by selectively reviewing neuroimaging studies that employed one of three paradigms of social rejection, namely social exclusion during a ball-tossing game, evaluating feedback about preference from peers and viewing scenes depicting rejection during social interaction. A cross the different paradigms of social rejection, there was concordance in regions for experiencing rejection, namely dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), subgenual ACC and ventral ACC. Functional dissociation between the regions for experiencing rejection and those for emotion regulation, namely medial prefrontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) and ventral striatum, was evident in the positive association between social distress and regions for experiencing rejection and the inverse association between social distress and the emotion regulation regions. The paradigms of social exclusion and scenes depicting rejection in social interaction were more adept at evoking rejection-specific neural responses. These responses were varyingly influenced by the amount of social distress during the task, social support received, self-esteem and social competence. Presenting rejection cues as scenes of people in social interaction showed high rejection sensitive or schizotypal individuals to under-activate the dorsal ACC and VLPFC, suggesting that such individuals who perceive rejection cues in others down-regulate their response to the perceived rejection by distancing themselves from the scene
Symplocos sisparensis (Symplocaceae), a new species from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India
No full textKarthik, B., Murugesan, M., Anusuba, V., Premkumar, M., Tharani, R. (2023): Symplocos sisparensis (Symplocaceae), a new species from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India. Phytotaxa 589 (1): 83-90, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.589.1.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.589.1.
Symplocos sisparensis B. Karthik, Murug., Anusuba, Premkumar & R. Tharani 2023, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Symplocos sisparensis</i> B. Karthik, Murug., Anusuba, Premkumar & R. Tharani, <i>sp. nov.</i> (Figure 1) <p> <b>Type:—</b> INDIA. Tamil Nadu: The Nilgiris Distr., Way to Nadugani-Mukurthi National Park, 11°15′13.94″ N, 76°29′13.50″ E, ± 2223 m, 29.11.2022, <i>M</i> <i>. Murugesan & B.</i> <i>Karthik 148115</i> (Holotype MH; Isotypes MH).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis:—</b> Small tree with glabrous branches (vs medium to large tree with villous branches); leaf margins crenulate, each crenulate tooth with a blunt tip, glabrous abaxially with 4–6 pairs of lateral veins (vs leaf margins serrulate, each serrulate tooth with sharp tip, midrib sparsely long-hairy with 7–13 pairs of lateral veins); calyx lobes equal, glabrous and pinkish along margins, hairy in middle of abaxial side (vs calyx lobes unequal, glabrous or sparsely appressed-hairy, greenish along margins); style hairy, curved and constricted at middle (vs style glabrous except at base, style curved without constriction); fruits 7–10 mm long, globose or cylindrical to ellipsoid with blunt apex (vs fruits 1.2–1.4 cm long, broadly cylindrical to ellipsoid or oblongoid, truncate at ends) (Figure 3).</p> Description <p>Large shrub to small tree, up to 4 m high. Bark grey, young branchlets light greenish yellow, glabrous, covered with pulvinate leaf scars, twigs have discontinuous growth. Leaves simple, alternate-spiral, exstipulate; lamina 5–9 × 2–3.5 cm, elliptic, shortly attenuate towards base, crenulate along margin, acute-acuminate at apex, mid vein prominent abaxially, impressed adaxially, secondary veins abaxially prominent, lateral veins 4–6-pair, convergent towards apex with intramarginal venation, terminal vegetative juvenile leaves abaxially pubescent also covered by bract-like scales, densely pubescent abaxially. Petioles 1–1.5 cm long, brown, canaliculate near the base on adaxial side, glabrous. Inflorescence in axillary spikes on young and rarely on mature branches; sometimes flowers subsessile. Peduncles 1–5 cm long, pubescent at flowering, glabrescent during fruiting. Bracts 3.5–4.5 × 2.5–3 mm, ovate to cymbiform. Bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, 1–2 × 1–1.5 mm, caducous, brown, acute at apex, truncate at base, ciliate along margin, concave, appressed sericeous adaxially, glabrous abaxially. Flowers 3–9 in cluster on a spike, 6–7.5 × 7–8 mm. Calyx tube green, ca. 2 mm long, glabrous, 5-lobed; lobes deltoid, 1–1.5 × 1–1.5 mm, glabrous and green to pinkish at margins, sparsely hairy from middle to apex abaxially. Corolla white, 3–4.5 × 3–3.5 mm, deeply 5-lobed; lobes connate at base, elliptic, obtuse or subobtuse at apex, 5-veined. Stamens 55–70 in 4 or 5 irregular series, uppermost series extending beyond corolla, 1–6 mm long; filaments equally wide from base to apex; anthers ca. 1 mm long. Style 2–3 mm long, shorter than corolla, constricted at middle; stigma capitate. Disk 5-glandular, stellate-hairy. Fruits 7–10 × 4–6 mm, globose or cylindrical to ellipsoid with blunt apex, not grooved.</p> <p> <b>Flowering & Fruiting:</b> October–December.</p> <p> <b>Etymology:</b> The new species named after the type locality, Sispara Ghats of Mukurthi National Park, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu.</p> <p> <b>Habitat & Ecology:</b> <i>Daphniphyllum neilgherrense</i> (Wight) Rosenthal (1919: 7), <i>Eurya nitida</i> Korthals (1841: 115), <i>Hedyotis sisaparensis</i> Gage (1906: 244), <i>Berberis nilghiriensis</i> Ahrendt (1945: 1), <i>Rhodomyrtus tomentosa</i> (Aiton) Hasskarl (1842: 35), <i>Rubus ellipticus</i> Smith (1815: 16) and <i>Myrsine wightiana</i> Wallich ex de Candolle (1834: 106).</p> <p> <b>Distribution:</b> Mukurthi National Park, The Nilgiris District, Tamil Nadu, India (Figure 2).</p> <p> <b>Conservation status:</b> During the present study, the authors have observed seven individuals of this new species, on the way to Nadugani-Mukurthi National Park covering about 2 km 2 geographical areas. Therefore, it is provisionally assessed here as Critically Endangered [CR, D], according to IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2022).</p>Published as part of <i>Karthik, B., Murugesan, M., Anusuba, V., Premkumar, M. & Tharani, R., 2023, Symplocos sisparensis (Symplocaceae), a new species from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India, pp. 83-90 in Phytotaxa 589 (1)</i> on pages 84-89, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.589.1.8, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7755073">http://zenodo.org/record/7755073</a>
FIGURE 3. A1 & A2. A in Symplocos sisparensis (Symplocaceae), a new species from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India
No full textFIGURE 3. A1 & A2. A Twig; B1 & B2. Leaf; C1 & C2. Branchlets; D1 & D2. Fruits. 1. Symplocos sisparensis sp. nov.; 2. Symplocos foliosa Wight.Published as part of Karthik, B., Murugesan, M., Anusuba, V., Premkumar, M. & Tharani, R., 2023, Symplocos sisparensis (Symplocaceae), a new species from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India, pp. 83-90 in Phytotaxa 589 (1) on page 87, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.589.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/775507
FIGURE 4. A. A in Symplocos sisparensis (Symplocaceae), a new species from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India
No full textFIGURE 4. A. A Twig; B & C. Leaf abaxial & adaxial view; D. Inflorescence; E. Flower bud with bracteole; F. Calyx lobes; G. Androecium; H. Gynoecium; I. Fruit.Published as part of Karthik, B., Murugesan, M., Anusuba, V., Premkumar, M. & Tharani, R., 2023, Symplocos sisparensis (Symplocaceae), a new species from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India, pp. 83-90 in Phytotaxa 589 (1) on page 88, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.589.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/775507
FIGURE 1. A. A in Symplocos sisparensis (Symplocaceae), a new species from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India
No full textFIGURE 1. A. A Twig; B & C. Leaf abaxial & adaxial view; D. Inflorescence; E. Flower bud with bracteole; F. Calyx lobes; G. Petal; H & I. Flower adaxial & abaxial view; J. Glands on disk; K. Androecium; L. Style – hairy; M. Gynoecium; N. Fruit.Published as part of Karthik, B., Murugesan, M., Anusuba, V., Premkumar, M. & Tharani, R., 2023, Symplocos sisparensis (Symplocaceae), a new species from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India, pp. 83-90 in Phytotaxa 589 (1) on page 85, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.589.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/775507
Effect of Abelson murine leukemia virus on granulocytic differentiation and interleukin-3 dependence of a murine progenitor cell line
No full textThe murine diploid hematopoietic cell line 32D C13 strictly requires interleukin-3 (IL-3) for proliferation. When 32D C13 cells are transferred to IL-3-free medium which contains recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF), the cell number increases four- to five-fold, and after 14 days the whole cell population is differentiated into morphologically normal and myeloperoxidase- and lactoferrin-positive metamyelocytes and granulocytes. Infection with Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV) of 32D C13 cells growing in the presence of IL-3 induces, within 2 weeks, the appearance of cells that are IL-3-independent for growth. The latter cells lack myeloid, T and B cell markers, and are unable to differentiate, even in the presence of very high doses of rhG-CSF. However, once the 32D C13 cells have been exposed to G-CSF, they become resistant to the transforming effects of A-MuLV as judged by the appearance of the IL-3-independent clones. These findings suggest that the ability of Abelson virus to transform immature progenitor cells is due to interference of the v-abl gene product with the mechanism that control the commitment of the cells to differentiate
Design and development of non-isolated modified SEPIC DC-DC converter topology for high-step-up applications: Investigation and hardware implementation
No full textA new non-isolated modified SEPIC front-end dc-dc converter for the low power system is proposed in this paper, and this converter is the next level of the traditional SEPIC converter with additional devices, such as two diodes and splitting of the output capacitor into two equal parts. The circuit topology proposed in this paper is formulated by combining the boost structure with the traditional SEPIC converter. Therefore, the proposed converter has the benefit of the SEPIC converter, such as continuous input current. The proposed circuit structure also improves the features, such as high voltage gain and high conversion efficiency. The converter comprises one MOSFET switch, one coupled inductor, three diodes, and two capacitors, including the output capacitor. The converter effectively recovers the leakage energy of the coupled inductor through the passive clamp circuit. The operation of the proposed converter is explained in continuous conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). The required voltage gain of the converter can be acquired by adjusting the coupled inductor turn’s ratio along with the additional devices at less duty cycle of the switch. The simulation of the proposed converter under CCM is carried out, and an experimental prototype of 100 W, 25 V/200 V is made, and the experimental outcomes are presented to validate the theoretical discussions of the proposed converter. The operating performance of the proposed converter is compared with the converters discussed in the literature. The proposed converter can be extended by connecting voltage multiplier (VM) cell circuits to get the ultra-high voltage gain
To close or not to close? A systematic review and a meta-analysis of peritoneal non-closure and adhesion formation after caesarean section
No full textMany gynaecologists do not currently close the peritoneum after caesarean section (CS). Recently, several studies examining adhesion formation after repeat CS appear to favour closure of the peritoneum after caesarean section. We performed a systematic review of the current available evidence with regard to the long-term outcome, mainly in terms of adhesion formation after closure versus non-closure of peritoneum during CS. We undertook a literature search between January 1995 and February 2008 using MEDLINE, Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane central controlled trials register and Cochrane pregnancy and childbirth group trials register. We also had searched all the references cited in the relevant studies. Both English and non-English language papers were included. Prospective studies which compared peritoneal closure versus non-closure during CS in terms of adhesion formation were included. Studies were included if they had a primary objective to examine adhesion formation in a repeat caesarean section, had a clear study design, had an adhesion scoring system, excluded patients who had adhesions in the primary caesarean section or interim surgeries after the primary caesarean section, and had no usage of anti-adhesion agents in the primary caesarean section. Retrospective studies which were performed by case-notes review alone, were excluded. Eleven studies were identified via our search strategy. Five were retrospective and six were prospective. Out of the eleven studies, three satisfied the inclusion criteria and were included (n = 249); two studies were follow-ups of RCTs and one was not randomised. Out of 249 women included in the analysis, 110 had peritoneal closure during CS whereas the other 139 did not have peritoneal closure. Meta-analysis was performed using the two randomised studies plus (i) the unadjusted estimate from the non-randomised study and (ii) the reported adjusted estimate, adjusted for baseline differences in the groups. Non-closure of the peritoneum during CS resulted in a significantly increased likelihood of adhesion formation in both meta-analyses—OR (95% CI): (i) 2.60 (1.48–4.56) and (ii) 4.23 (2.06–8.69). This systematic review has demonstrated that according to current data in the literature, there is some evidence to suggest that non-closure of the peritoneum after caesarean section is associated with more adhesion formation compared to closur
Dr. Duane M. Jackson, Morehouse College, July 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Dr. Duane M. Jackson. Dr. Jackson talks about his paper, "Recall and the Serial Position Effect: The Role of Primacy and Recency on Accounting Students' Performance." Jackie Daniel, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
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