177,815 research outputs found
Symplocos sisparensis B. Karthik, Murug., Anusuba, Premkumar & R. Tharani 2023, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Symplocos sisparensis</i> B. Karthik, Murug., Anusuba, Premkumar & R. Tharani, <i>sp. nov.</i> (Figure 1) <p> <b>Type:—</b> INDIA. Tamil Nadu: The Nilgiris Distr., Way to Nadugani-Mukurthi National Park, 11°15′13.94″ N, 76°29′13.50″ E, ± 2223 m, 29.11.2022, <i>M</i> <i>. Murugesan & B.</i> <i>Karthik 148115</i> (Holotype MH; Isotypes MH).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis:—</b> Small tree with glabrous branches (vs medium to large tree with villous branches); leaf margins crenulate, each crenulate tooth with a blunt tip, glabrous abaxially with 4–6 pairs of lateral veins (vs leaf margins serrulate, each serrulate tooth with sharp tip, midrib sparsely long-hairy with 7–13 pairs of lateral veins); calyx lobes equal, glabrous and pinkish along margins, hairy in middle of abaxial side (vs calyx lobes unequal, glabrous or sparsely appressed-hairy, greenish along margins); style hairy, curved and constricted at middle (vs style glabrous except at base, style curved without constriction); fruits 7–10 mm long, globose or cylindrical to ellipsoid with blunt apex (vs fruits 1.2–1.4 cm long, broadly cylindrical to ellipsoid or oblongoid, truncate at ends) (Figure 3).</p> Description <p>Large shrub to small tree, up to 4 m high. Bark grey, young branchlets light greenish yellow, glabrous, covered with pulvinate leaf scars, twigs have discontinuous growth. Leaves simple, alternate-spiral, exstipulate; lamina 5–9 × 2–3.5 cm, elliptic, shortly attenuate towards base, crenulate along margin, acute-acuminate at apex, mid vein prominent abaxially, impressed adaxially, secondary veins abaxially prominent, lateral veins 4–6-pair, convergent towards apex with intramarginal venation, terminal vegetative juvenile leaves abaxially pubescent also covered by bract-like scales, densely pubescent abaxially. Petioles 1–1.5 cm long, brown, canaliculate near the base on adaxial side, glabrous. Inflorescence in axillary spikes on young and rarely on mature branches; sometimes flowers subsessile. Peduncles 1–5 cm long, pubescent at flowering, glabrescent during fruiting. Bracts 3.5–4.5 × 2.5–3 mm, ovate to cymbiform. Bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, 1–2 × 1–1.5 mm, caducous, brown, acute at apex, truncate at base, ciliate along margin, concave, appressed sericeous adaxially, glabrous abaxially. Flowers 3–9 in cluster on a spike, 6–7.5 × 7–8 mm. Calyx tube green, ca. 2 mm long, glabrous, 5-lobed; lobes deltoid, 1–1.5 × 1–1.5 mm, glabrous and green to pinkish at margins, sparsely hairy from middle to apex abaxially. Corolla white, 3–4.5 × 3–3.5 mm, deeply 5-lobed; lobes connate at base, elliptic, obtuse or subobtuse at apex, 5-veined. Stamens 55–70 in 4 or 5 irregular series, uppermost series extending beyond corolla, 1–6 mm long; filaments equally wide from base to apex; anthers ca. 1 mm long. Style 2–3 mm long, shorter than corolla, constricted at middle; stigma capitate. Disk 5-glandular, stellate-hairy. Fruits 7–10 × 4–6 mm, globose or cylindrical to ellipsoid with blunt apex, not grooved.</p> <p> <b>Flowering & Fruiting:</b> October–December.</p> <p> <b>Etymology:</b> The new species named after the type locality, Sispara Ghats of Mukurthi National Park, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu.</p> <p> <b>Habitat & Ecology:</b> <i>Daphniphyllum neilgherrense</i> (Wight) Rosenthal (1919: 7), <i>Eurya nitida</i> Korthals (1841: 115), <i>Hedyotis sisaparensis</i> Gage (1906: 244), <i>Berberis nilghiriensis</i> Ahrendt (1945: 1), <i>Rhodomyrtus tomentosa</i> (Aiton) Hasskarl (1842: 35), <i>Rubus ellipticus</i> Smith (1815: 16) and <i>Myrsine wightiana</i> Wallich ex de Candolle (1834: 106).</p> <p> <b>Distribution:</b> Mukurthi National Park, The Nilgiris District, Tamil Nadu, India (Figure 2).</p> <p> <b>Conservation status:</b> During the present study, the authors have observed seven individuals of this new species, on the way to Nadugani-Mukurthi National Park covering about 2 km 2 geographical areas. Therefore, it is provisionally assessed here as Critically Endangered [CR, D], according to IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2022).</p>Published as part of <i>Karthik, B., Murugesan, M., Anusuba, V., Premkumar, M. & Tharani, R., 2023, Symplocos sisparensis (Symplocaceae), a new species from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India, pp. 83-90 in Phytotaxa 589 (1)</i> on pages 84-89, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.589.1.8, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7755073">http://zenodo.org/record/7755073</a>
Are You Being Rejected or Excluded? Insights from Neuroimaging Studies Using Different Rejection Paradigms
No full textRejection sensitivity is the heightened tendency to perceive or anxiously expect disengagement from others during social interaction. There has been a recent wave of neuroimaging studies of rejection. The aim of the current review was to determine key brain regions involved in social rejection by selectively reviewing neuroimaging studies that employed one of three paradigms of social rejection, namely social exclusion during a ball-tossing game, evaluating feedback about preference from peers and viewing scenes depicting rejection during social interaction. A cross the different paradigms of social rejection, there was concordance in regions for experiencing rejection, namely dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), subgenual ACC and ventral ACC. Functional dissociation between the regions for experiencing rejection and those for emotion regulation, namely medial prefrontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) and ventral striatum, was evident in the positive association between social distress and regions for experiencing rejection and the inverse association between social distress and the emotion regulation regions. The paradigms of social exclusion and scenes depicting rejection in social interaction were more adept at evoking rejection-specific neural responses. These responses were varyingly influenced by the amount of social distress during the task, social support received, self-esteem and social competence. Presenting rejection cues as scenes of people in social interaction showed high rejection sensitive or schizotypal individuals to under-activate the dorsal ACC and VLPFC, suggesting that such individuals who perceive rejection cues in others down-regulate their response to the perceived rejection by distancing themselves from the scene
Symplocos sisparensis (Symplocaceae), a new species from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India
No full textKarthik, B., Murugesan, M., Anusuba, V., Premkumar, M., Tharani, R. (2023): Symplocos sisparensis (Symplocaceae), a new species from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India. Phytotaxa 589 (1): 83-90, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.589.1.8, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.589.1.
FIGURE 3. A1 & A2. A in Symplocos sisparensis (Symplocaceae), a new species from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India
No full textFIGURE 3. A1 & A2. A Twig; B1 & B2. Leaf; C1 & C2. Branchlets; D1 & D2. Fruits. 1. Symplocos sisparensis sp. nov.; 2. Symplocos foliosa Wight.Published as part of Karthik, B., Murugesan, M., Anusuba, V., Premkumar, M. & Tharani, R., 2023, Symplocos sisparensis (Symplocaceae), a new species from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India, pp. 83-90 in Phytotaxa 589 (1) on page 87, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.589.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/775507
FIGURE 4. A. A in Symplocos sisparensis (Symplocaceae), a new species from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India
No full textFIGURE 4. A. A Twig; B & C. Leaf abaxial & adaxial view; D. Inflorescence; E. Flower bud with bracteole; F. Calyx lobes; G. Androecium; H. Gynoecium; I. Fruit.Published as part of Karthik, B., Murugesan, M., Anusuba, V., Premkumar, M. & Tharani, R., 2023, Symplocos sisparensis (Symplocaceae), a new species from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India, pp. 83-90 in Phytotaxa 589 (1) on page 88, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.589.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/775507
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
FIGURE 1. A. A in Symplocos sisparensis (Symplocaceae), a new species from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India
No full textFIGURE 1. A. A Twig; B & C. Leaf abaxial & adaxial view; D. Inflorescence; E. Flower bud with bracteole; F. Calyx lobes; G. Petal; H & I. Flower adaxial & abaxial view; J. Glands on disk; K. Androecium; L. Style – hairy; M. Gynoecium; N. Fruit.Published as part of Karthik, B., Murugesan, M., Anusuba, V., Premkumar, M. & Tharani, R., 2023, Symplocos sisparensis (Symplocaceae), a new species from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India, pp. 83-90 in Phytotaxa 589 (1) on page 85, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.589.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/775507
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
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