1,721,147 research outputs found
Evaluation of the response to therapy of neoplastic lesions
No full textThe introduction of an evaluation standard for the response to therapy of neoplastic lesions is necessary not only for the standardisation of clinical research protocols, but also to allow the objective and transferable management of the oncology patient in routine clinical practice. The international criteria that define how to evaluate a neoplastic disease and to determine its response to treatment were first introduced in the 80s by the WHO and have been recently updated with the new RECIST criteria defined by broad consensus of European and U.S. oncology organisations and published in 2000. The new criteria, especially those related to lesion measurement are substantially different from the previous criteria, they are simpler and easier to use, but present some problems that should be brought to the attention of radiologists who must adjust them with the common sense and balance of judgement resulting from our practice. These problems refer above all to certain types of lesions (such as cystic, bone and nodal metastases), to the method for measuring the maximum diameter, to the use of contrast agents and to the frequency of follow-up examinations, with consequent effects on radioprotection and workloads. In any case, the radiologist who examines a patient with neoplastic lesions and compares the examination results with previous images, should make sure the report does not contain vague language, that the maximum diameters of the lesions are always indicated and that any morphological and/or contrast enhancement changes are described: the report should enable clinicians to make a complete evaluation of the condition and of disease progression, for a global management of the oncology patient
Ultrasonography of the ulnar nerve in the elbow: video article
No full textDisorders affecting the ulnar nerve in the elbow are common in clinical practice. The diagnosis is based on clinical evaluation and electrodiagnostic tests, but imaging examinations are frequently necessary, particularly for the identification of the structures associated with nerve compression. The purpose of this video article is to review the anatomy, the pathology, scanning techniques, and sonographic appearance of the ulnar nerve in the elbow
Has color Doppler a role in the evaluation of mammary lesions?
No full textHas color Doppler a role in the evaluation of mammary lesions? A schematic review of color Doppler diagnostic criteria, indicating a benign or malignant lesion, are described.Malignant tumors have a tendency to show increased vascularization, but avascular tumors may be found as well as hypervascular benign tumors.Number of vessels, blood-flow velocity, and intra-tumoral vessel resistance assessed by color Doppler ultrasonography don't permit clear differentiation between malignant and benign tumors, but intra-tumoral blood-flow analysis well correlates with aggressiveness and histological grade of the mass, so a preoperative assessment using Color Doppler may give preliminary prognostic informations useful for therapeutic planning.Color Doppler ultrasound may be valuable also in assessing the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and in particular of antiangiogenesis treatments.Color Doppler ultrasound has many other useful applications in the evaluation of diseases of the female and male breast, that are reviewed in the paper.Color Doppler however is not conceived as a stand-alone examination, but associated with B-mode ultrasound that is quite effective as a diagnostic tool, often not requiring Doppler informations
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
[Computerized tomography diagnosis of pancreatic penetration of duodenal diverticulum. Report of a case]
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