1,720,956 research outputs found
Dynamique du polyamide dans l'état solide en présence de solvants et à l'état fondu
No full textDynamics in the solid state in presence of solvents: Polyamides are a family of semi crystalline thermoplastic polymers widely employed in the automotive industry due to its excellent thermal stability and mechanical properties. However, polyamide can be significantly affected by the absorption of low molecular weight penetrants like water. The rate of sorption and amount of absorbed solvent depend on the mechanisms of interaction between solvent and polyamide, along with sorption and diffusion mechanisms. Diffusion and sorption of solvents in polymers can be very complex because of the existence of specific interactions (non-polar or polar), dynamic heterogeneities in the amorphous phase, modification of the polymer dynamics induced by the solvents and different crystalline phases. In polyamide/solvent systems, all of these factors have to be taken into account. A first part of this study focused on the accessibility of the amorphous phase in semicrystalline polyamides. A comparison between a 100% amorphous polyamide and its semicrystalline counterpart of equivalent chemical structure suggests that the amorphous phase in semi-crystalline polyamide is not entirely accessible to the solvents. A second part of this study focused on the diffusion mechanisms of water and ethanol in polyamide. Fickian or non- Fickian diffusion mechanisms could be explained by the variation of the diffusion coefficients as a function of solvent concentration. Moreover, the relationship between water diffusion and the dynamics of the amorphous phase in polyamide was investigated. A simple comparison of dielectric characteristic relaxation times with the timescale of diffusion suggests that diffusion and polyamide alpha relaxation (associated to the glass transition) should not be directly correlated. However, diffusion is correlated to the secondary beta relaxation, which encompasses the local chain dynamics of hydrogen bonded amide groups in the presence of water. A mechanism of diffusion based on the trapping of water molecules between neighboring sorption sites (amide groups) is proposed in these strongly interacting polymersDynamique du polyamide dans l'état solide en présence de solvants: Les polyamides sont une famille de polymères thermoplastiques semi-cristallins largement utilisés dans l'industrie automobile grâce à leur excellente stabilité thermique et propriétés mécaniques. Cependant, ces propriétés peuvent être affectées par la sorption de l'eau présente dans l'atmosphère ou de l'éthanol présent dans les biocombustibles. Les cinétiques de sorption et la sorption à l'équilibre dépendent des mécanismes d'interaction entre le solvant et le polyamide et des mécanismes de sorption et de diffusion. La diffusion et la sorption de solvants dans les polyamides sont des phénomènes complexes à cause de l'existence d'interactions spécifiques (liaisons hydrogène), d'hétérogénéités dynamiques dans la phase amorphe, de changements dans la dynamique du polymère en présence de solvants et de l'existence d'une phase cristalline. Puisque l'accessibilité de la phase amorphe peut avoir une influence sur les mécanismes de diffusion et de sorption, la diffusion et la sorption de différents solvants (eau, alcools de tailles différentes) ont été comparés dans un polyamide 100% amorphe et son homologue semi-cristallin. Nous avons confirmé que la phase amorphe d'un polymère semi-cristallin n'est pas entièrement accessible à l'eau, ce qui est en accord avec la littérature. Une deuxième partie de cette étude a été consacrée à la relation entre la diffusion de solvants et la dynamique de la phase amorphe. Premièrement, nous avons mis en évidence que les mécanismes de diffusion Fickien et non-Fickien peuvent être expliqués par la variation des coefficients de diffusion avec la concentration de solvant. Deuxièmement, l'influence de la relaxation du polymère a été évaluée par Spectroscopie Diélectrique. Une simple comparaison des échelles de temps de la diffusion et de la relaxation alpha, associée à la transition vitreuse, indique que les deux phénomènes ne sont pas directement corrélés. Cependant, la diffusion semble corrélée à la relaxation secondaire beta, qui décrit la dynamique locale des groupements amide en présence d'ea
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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