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Drive for muscularity, muscularity-oriented eating behavior, and muscle dysmorphia symptoms: a theoretical model of relationships
No full textA dismorfia muscular (DM) se configura como uma preocupação patológica por ser insuficientemente musculoso e magro. Indivíduos com DM também apresentam alta motivação para a muscularidade, ou seja, há desejo e comportamentos relacionados a maior muscularidade, além de comportamento alimentar orientado para a muscularidade, em que há uma alternância de comportamentos que objetivam ora atingir maior volume muscular, ora reduzir a gordura corporal. Em termos populacionais, a literatura aponta uma vulnerabilidade de minorias sexuais em aspectos de imagem corporal e comportamento alimentar, contudo, os dados sobre mulheres de minorias sexuais são ainda controversos. Diversos estudos já descreveram uma série de relações entre sintomas de DM, motivação para a muscularidade e comportamento alimentar orientado para a muscularidade, porém, esses construtos não foram ainda analisados conjuntamente. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi propor e avaliar um modelo das relações entre motivação para a muscularidade, comportamento alimentar orientado para a muscularidade, sintomas de DM e características sociodemográficas em mulheres cisgênero lésbicas e bissexuais. A coleta de dados ocorreu de maneira virtual a partir da plataforma REDCap® no período de novembro de 2022 a outubro de 2023. As participantes responderam o questionário de caracterização sociodemográfica, o Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI), a Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS) e o Muscularity-Oriented Eating Test (MOET). Os dados foram analisados utilizando o software JASP, versão 0.18.3, para a comparação por orientação sexual das variáveis de muscularidade foi utilizado teste t enquanto o modelo foi estimado utilizando o método Diagonally Weighted Least Squares (DWLS) e a qualidade de ajustamento foi avaliada a partir dos indicadores: razão qui-quadrado pelos graus de liberdade (χ²/gl); Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA), Comparative Fit Index (CFI) e Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI). Participaram do estudo 1131 mulheres cisgênero lésbicas e bissexuais, com uma média de idade de 25,25 anos (DP = 6,30) e de IMC de 24,74 kg/m² (DP = 5,56). A amostra foi majoritariamente composta por mulheres bissexuais, brancas e solteiras. Em geral não houve diferenças entre mulheres cisgênero lésbicas e bissexuais para os aspectos de muscularidade. Apenas no aspecto atitudinal tw (919,497) = -2,260; p = 0,024; Hedge\'s G = 0,138 e comportamental tw (877,045) = -2,086; p = 0,037; Hedge\'s G = 0,128 da motivação para a muscularidade as mulheres lésbicas apresentaram pontuação discretamente superior. O modelo teórico proposto apresentou valores de ajustamento aceitáveis (χ²(1010) = 8287,982; p < 0,001; χ²/gl = 8,24; CFI = 0,949; TLI = 0,954; RMSEA = 0,080 [IC90% = 0,078 - 0,081]). Em geral a orientação sexual e a cor da pele não resultaram em diferenças nos aspectos de muscularidade entre lésbicas e bissexuais e brancas e não brancas. As mulheres mais jovens foram as mais vulneráveis quanto as questões de muscularidade, já o IMC apresentou diferentes impactos a depender do construto analisado. A motivação e o comportamento alimentar orientado para a muscularidade foram preditores de diferentes aspectos dos sintomas de dismorfia. Assim, é possível concluir que os aspectos de muscularidade encontram-se inter-relacionados em mulheres de minorias sexuais e devem ser considerados e analisados nos cuidados em saúde. De maneira que, os profissionais de saúde desempenham um papel crucial na prevenção da evolução de alta motivação para a muscularidade e de alto comportamento alimentar orientado para a muscularidade, tanto em mulheres lésbicas quanto bissexuais, para os sintomas de DM.Muscle dysmorphia (MD) is a pathological concern about being insufficiently muscular and lean. Individuals with MD also exhibit high drive for muscularity, meaning there is a desire for and behaviors related to increased muscularity. Additionally, they display muscularity-oriented eating behavior, where there is an alternation of behaviors aimed either at increasing muscle volume or at reducing body fat. Simultaneously, the literature indicates a vulnerability of sexual minorities concerning body image and eating behavior. However, data on sexual minority women remain controversial. Moreover, the literature presents several relationships between MD symptoms, drive for muscularity, and muscularity-oriented eating behavior. Nevertheless, these constructs have not yet been analyzed together. In this sense, the present study aimed to propose and evaluate a model of the relationships between drive for muscularity, muscularity-oriented eating behavior, MD symptoms, sexual orientation, skin color, Body Mass Index (BMI), and age in cisgender lesbian and bisexual women. Data collection was conducted virtually using the REDCap® platform from November 2022 to October 2023. Participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and three muscularity questionnaires: the Muscle Dysmorphic Disorder Inventory (MDDI), the Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS), and the Muscularity-Oriented Eating Test (MOET). Data were analyzed using the JASP software. A t-test was used to compare the muscularity variables by sexual orientation, while the model was estimated using the Diagonally Weighted Least Squares (DWLS) method, and the model fit was assessed using the following indicators: chi-square to degrees of freedom ratio (χ²/df), Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), and Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI). The study consisted of 1131 cisgender lesbian and bisexual women, with an average age of 25.25 years (SD = 6.30) and a BMI of 24.74 kg/m² (SD = 5.56). The sample was predominantly composed of bisexual, white, and single women. In general, there were no differences between cisgender lesbian and bisexual women regarding muscularity aspects. Only in the attitudinal tw (919.497) = -2.260; p = 0.024; Hedge\'s G = 0.138 and behavioral tw (877.045) = -2.086; p = 0.037; Hedge\'s G = 0,128 aspects of drive for muscularity did lesbian women show slightly higher scores. The final version of the model showed acceptable fit values (χ²(1010) = 8287.982; p < 0.001; χ²/gl = 8.24; CFI = 0.949; TLI = 0.954; RMSEA = 0.080 [IC90% = 0.078 0.081]). Overall, sexual orientation and skin color did not result in differences in muscularity aspects between lesbians and bisexuals or between white and non-white women. Younger women were the most vulnerable to muscularity-related issues, while BMI had a different impacts depending on the construct analyzed. Drive for muscularity and muscularity-oriented eating behavior were predictors of different aspects of dysmorphia symptoms. Thus, it can be concluded that muscularity aspects are interrelated in women from sexual minorities and should be considered and analyzed in helth care. Health professionals play a crucial role in preventing the progression of high drive for muscularity and elevated muscularity-oriented eating behavior into MD symptoms in both lesbian and bisexual women
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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