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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Die Bedeutung von Erwerbstätigkeit für das subjektive Wohlbefinden
No full textThis doctoral thesis contributes to the sociological literature on the relationship between labor market participation and subjective well-being, focusing on the relevance of different mechanisms and social environments. In addition, this thesis contributes to our knowledge regarding the behavioral consequences of subjective well-being costs that are associated with a lack of labor market participation.
In the first study (see Chapter 2), Tobias Wolbring and I investigate the effect of unemployment on subjective well-being by partnership status. We argue that material and latent deprivation can explain effects of unemployment on subjective well-being by partnership status, as both partners and their employment status crucially shape the extent of deprivation. Our results suggest a strong negative and rather time-constant impact of unemployment on subjective well-being, buffered over time for those with working or non-working partners. Further, our results indicate material deprivation and status loss to be relevant mechanisms for explaining partner-specific trajectories in the loss of subjective well-being. Against this background, unpartnered individuals appear particularly vulnerable to the economic and social aftermaths of unemployment.
In the second study (see Chapter 3), Gerhard Krug and I examine the role of social integration in the effect of unemployment on psychological well-being. Social integration is considered crucially important for understanding the adverse effect of unemployment on mental health. Social integration is assumed to either bring about the health effects of unemployment (causal pathway hypothesis) or shield the unemployed from such effects (buffering hypothesis). However, there is scarce empirical evidence, especially based on panel data, regarding these two hypotheses. In our analysis, we test several indicators that cover different aspects of social integration and find no empirical support for the causal pathway hypothesis and only very limited support for the buffering hypothesis.
In the third study (see Chapter 4), Benjamin Fuchs, Tobias Wolbring and I study the relationship between the embeddedness of benefit recipients in activating labor market institutions and individual labor supply. Using panel data, we estimate the effects of transitions between key institutional states with different degrees of activation on reservation wages. We show that the transition from gainful employment to unemployment benefit receipt leads to a decrease in reservation wages, whereas the transition from gainful employment to welfare benefit receipt – an institutional state with far more rigorous activation – leads to an even stronger decrease. We also show that the income associated with different institutional states is the predominant mechanism that drives the effect on reservation wages. However, subjective social status also partly mediates the effect. We conclude that reducing reservation wages by activation measures has revealed to be a rather ambiguous social policy instrument, as it also leads to negative side effects.
In the fourth study (see Chapter 5), which focuses on employees, I analyze the effect of effort-reward imbalance (i.e., a lack of reciprocity in the employer-employee exchange) on turnover intentions and actual job changes and whether effort-reward imbalance exposure lowers the chance of realizing a job change. In line with previous research, the results show a higher number of doctor visits and lower job satisfaction when employees’ efforts in relation to rewards increase. Furthermore, higher efforts in relation to rewards have positive effects on turnover intentions and job changes in the next twelve months; both effects are mediated through job satisfaction. At the same time, I find no evidence that strong effort-reward imbalance exposure lowers the chances of realizing job changes. Overall, the study underscores the importance of reciprocity in employer-employee relationships for well-being and labor market mobility.
Taken together, this cumulative dissertation expands our knowledge on the meaning of employment for individuals. It illustrates the importance of labor market participation for individuals’ evaluation of their lives and provides new insights into the understanding of this causal relationship and consequences that arise from well-being costs.Diese Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit dem Zusammenhang zwischen Arbeitsmarktpartizipation und subjektivem Wohlbefinden. Dabei liegt der Fokus der Analyse dieser Beziehung auf der Relevanz verschiedener Mechanismen und sozialer Kontexte. Darüber hinaus behandelt diese Arbeit die Frage, wie sich der durch einen Mangel an Arbeitsmarktpartizipation induzierte Verlust subjektiven Wohlbefindens auf das individuelle Verhalten auswirkt.
Die erste Studie (in Co-Autorenschaft mit Tobias Wolbring, siehe Kapitel 2) setzt sich mit dem Effekt von Arbeitslosigkeit auf das subjektive Wohlbefinden unter Berücksichtigung des Partnerschaftskontexts auseinander. Dabei wird argumentiert, dass materielle und latente Deprivation die je nach Partnerschaftsstatus variierenden Effekte der Arbeitslosigkeit auf das subjektive Wohlbefinden erklären können. Dies resultiert daraus, dass Partner sowie deren Arbeitsmarktstatus das Ausmaß der Deprivation entscheidend determinieren. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf einen starken negativen und eher zeitkonstanten Einfluss der Arbeitslosigkeit auf das subjektive Wohlbefinden hin. Der negative Effekt wird im Zeitverlauf für diejenigen mit erwerbstätigen oder nicht erwerbstätigen Partnern gepuffert. Ferner zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass materielle Deprivation und Statusverlust relevante Mechanismen zur Erklärung der nach Partnerschaftsstatus variierenden Verläufe sind. Die Befunde verweisen darauf, dass nicht in einer Partnerschaft lebende Personen besonders anfällig für wirtschaftliche und soziale Folgen der Arbeitslosigkeit sind.
In der zweiten Studie (in Co-Autorenschaft mit Gerhard Krug, siehe Kapitel 3) wird die Rolle sozialer Integration beim Effekt der Arbeitslosigkeit auf das psychische Wohlbefinden untersucht. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass die soziale Integration eine zentrale Rolle für das Verständnis der negativen Auswirkungen von Arbeitslosigkeit auf die psychische Gesundheit spielt. Im Rahmen der Studie werden zwei Hypothesen untersucht, die in der bisherigen Forschung kaum in den Blick genommen wurden. Die Kausalpfadhypothese unterstellt, dass soziale Integration den Einfluss der Arbeitslosigkeit auf die Gesundheit mediiert. Die Pufferungshypothese unterstellt, dass Arbeitslosigkeitseffekte durch soziale Integration abgefedert werden. In der Analyse werden mehrere Indikatoren getestet, die verschiedene Aspekte der sozialen Integration abdecken. Die Ergebnisse liefern keine empirische Evidenz für die Kausalpfadhypothese, während die Pufferungshypothese durch die Analyseergebnisse begrenzt gestützt wird.
Die dritte Studie (in Co-Autorenschaft mit Benjamin Fuchs und Tobias Wolbring, siehe Kapitel 4) untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen der Einbettung von Leistungsbeziehern in aktivierende Arbeitsmarktinstitutionen und dem individuellen Arbeitsangebot. Basierend auf Paneldaten wird analysiert, wie sich Wechsel des Arbeitsmarktstatus – d.h. von einem aktivierenden Arbeitsmarktstatus in einen stärker oder schwächer aktivierenden Arbeitsmarktstatus – auf den Reservationslohn auswirken. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Wechsel von der Erwerbstätigkeit zum Arbeitslosengeldbezug zu einer Reduzierung des Reservationslohns führt, während der Wechsel von der Erwerbstätigkeit zum Grundsicherungsbezug – ein Status mit stärkerem Aktivierungsgrad – zu einem noch stärkeren Rückgang führt. In der Studie wird außerdem verdeutlicht, dass das Einkommen der Mechanismus ist, der am stärksten zu den Effekten auf den Reservationslohn beiträgt. Teilweise vermittelt aber auch der subjektive soziale Status den Effekt. Bei der Aktivierung durch Reduzierung des Reservationslohns ist zu berücksichtigen – dies lässt sich aus den Ergebnissen folgern –, dass dieses sozialpolitische Handeln Nebeneffekte für die Individuen mit sich bringen kann.
Die vierte Studie (Kapitel 5) analysiert anhand von Erwerbstätigen wie sich Gratifikationskrisen (durch nicht-reziproken Austausch zwischen Arbeitgeber und Arbeitnehmer) auf Jobwechselabsichten und tatsächliche Jobwechsel auswirken. Zudem wird untersucht, ob Gratifikationskrisen die Chancen eines Jobwechsels verringern. In Übereinstimmung mit früheren Untersuchungen zeigen die Ergebnisse eine höhere Anzahl von Arztbesuchen und eine geringere Jobzufriedenheit, wenn das Verhältnis von Anstrengungen zu Belohnungen aus der Perspektive der Erwerbstätigen zunimmt. Ferner hat die Zunahme dieses Verhältnisses einen positiven Effekt auf Jobwechselabsichten und Jobwechsel in den nächsten zwölf Monaten. Die Effekte werden über die Arbeitszufriedenheit mediiert. Gleichzeitig liefern die Ergebnisse keine Evidenz für die Hypothese, dass Gratifikationskrisen die Chance reduzieren, einen Jobwechsel zu realisieren. Insgesamt unterstreicht die Studie die Bedeutung eines reziproken Arbeitgeber-Arbeitnehmer-Austauschs für das Wohlbefinden und die Arbeitsmarktmobilität erwerbstätiger Personen.
Insgesamt erweitert diese kumulative Dissertation das Wissen über die Bedeutung von Erwerbstätigkeit für Individuen. Sie hebt erneut die Bedeutung der Arbeitsmarktpartizipation für das subjektive Wohlbefinden hervor und bietet darüber hinaus neue Einblicke in diese Kausalbeziehung und Konsequenzen, die aus den Verlusten subjektiven Wohlbefindens resultieren
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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