112 research outputs found
Voldelig transnational aktivisme: Islamisk Stat, foreign fighters og radikalisering
No full textDenne artikel undersøger, hvordan radikaliseringen og mobiliseringen af danske foreign fighters foregår, og hvad der motiverer unge danske muslimer til at drage i krig for en voldelig, revolutionær bevægelse som Islamisk Stat. Den offentlige danske debat om foreign fighters tegner et billede af unge, som via bestemte moskémiljøer, studiekredse i Danmark samt internettet radikaliseres til at tro, at væbnet kamp for kalifatet er en religiøs pligt. I kontrast til dette argumenterer artiklen for, at mange foreign fighters i høj grad motiveres af personlige udfordringer, fremmedgørelse og søgen efter mening med tilværelsen snarere end af dybt forankrede og reflekterede politiske og religiøse overbevisninger. I deres søgen efter et tilhørsforhold og mening kommer de unge på forskellig vis i kontakt med radikaliserende miljøer, hvor ensidig deliberation polariserer de unges holdninger. Artiklen præsenterer en interdisciplinær teoretisk model af radikalisering, hvis frugtbarhed diskuteres via analyse af illustrative casestudier af danske foreign fighters, som er rejst ud for at kæmpe for Islamisk Stat. Ved at stille skarpt på mobiliseringen af foreign fighters og tilbyde en forklarende ramme herfor, bidrager artiklen til teori om sociale bevægelser, som alt for ofte alene beskæftiger sig med mobilisering af progressive, pro-demokratiske og ikkevoldelige bevægelser.
ENGELSK ABSTRACT:
Lasse Lindekilde and Preben Bertelsen: Violent Transnational Activism: Islamic State, Foreign Fighters and Radicalization
The purpose of this article is to investigate the process of radicalization and mobilization of Danish foreign fighters, and the motivation of young Danish Muslims to go to war and fight for an ultra-violent, revolutionary movement like Islamic State. The public debate on foreign fighting in Denmark suggests that young Danish Muslims are radicalized through certain mosque milieus, study circles and the internet to believe that violent fighting for the caliphate is a religious obligation. In contrast to this picture, this article argues that many foreign fighters are rather motivated more by a quest for meaning and belonging, individual challenges and a sense of alienation than by deeply rooted political or religious convictions. In their search for belonging and meaning, these young Muslims come in contact with radicalizing milieus, where one-sided deliberation is unfolding and where attitudes polarize, motivation forms and is sustained. The article presents an interdisciplinary theory of radicalization, and discusses it in relation to case studies of Danish foreign fighters who have left for, or were on their way to fight, for Islamic State. By emphasizing the mobilization of foreign fighters and offering an explanatory framework for this empirical phenomenon, the article contributes to the theorization of social movements, which has too often focused solely on mobilization to progressive, pro-democratic and non-violent movements.
Keywords: radicalization, foreign fighters, mobilization
Critical Flow – Towards a Construction Flow Theory
No full textThis paper introduces the concept of Construction Physics as a more comprehensive way of understanding the construction process from a flow perspective. It establishes a preliminary definition of the term and investigates briefly the present knowledge, flow models and methods for their management. From this it argues that the state of the art does not fully cover the whole process and proposes a holistic view of the flow of all prerequisites feeding the process. It introduces the key term Critical Flow and concludes by recommending areas that should be investigated as a joint IGLC research, development and testing programme
Intergroup jealousy: Effects of perceived group characteristics and intrasexual competition between groups
No full textAn important aspect of intergroup conflict is competition for mates, especially among men. Because different outgroups pose different levels of threat, the group membership of rivals can be a characteristic that evokes jealousy. Outgroups perceived to pose greater threat to one’s mating resources should evoke more jealousy. Among Dutch students, we investigated the relationship between jealousy towards rivals of different ethnic groups and perceivedcharacteristics of these groups. We found that jealousy was especially high for rivals from outgroups that were perceived to have a tendency to engage in short-term mating (e.g., being attractive, promiscuous, and seductive), and to have a high status (e.g., being successful and confident). Men scored higher on a scale designed to assess intergroup intrasexual competition, and the higher men scored on this scale, the more they tended to derogate outgroup rivals. This effect was not found for women, underlining the higher salience of intergroup intrasexual competition for men
Why the Human Brain is not an Enlarged Chimpanzee Brain
No full textFollowing Darwin, many comparative psychologists assume that
the human mind is a kind of ape mind, differing only in degree from the extant apes – we call this the mental continuity assumption. However, the continuity principle in evolutionary theory does not posit continuity between extant closely related species, but between extant species and their extinct ancestors. Thus, it is possible that some human cognitive capacities
have no parallels in extant apes, but that they emerged in extinct hominid species after the human-chimpanzee divergence. Our examination of the case of social cognition from an archaeological and comparative psychological perspective suggests that the human brain is not simply an enlarged chimpanzee brain. Instead, natural selection seems to have
favoured a different social cognition in both species
The role of cognitive and affective empathy in altruistic motivation: an evolutionary approach
No full textThe moral sense is a quintessential part of human nature. As such, empathy is one of the most important instruments in the toolbox of the human mind. It is the trigger of altruistic motivation. However, from an evolutionary point of view, altruistic behaviour is costly. Kin altruism is worth the effort when it adds to the individual’s indirect fitness. In contrast, the benefit of altruistic behaviour towards strangers depends on the reciprocation of the other person. Helping a non-reciprocator lowers fitness. Therefore control mechanisms should be in place to fine-tune the amount of empathy displayed towards strangers, whereas this is less necessary for kin. I propose that two types of altruistic motivation occur. The first is primarily based on (maternal) attachment and affective empathy and is observed in many social mammals. The second depends on cognitive empathy and is only observed in primates and humans
In the search of inner worlds: are humans alone in the mental world of possible futures?
No full textIntergroup jealousy: Effects of perceived group characteristics and intrasexual competition between groups
No full textAn important aspect of intergroup conflict is competition for mates, especially among men. Because different outgroups pose different levels of threat, the group membership of rivals can be a characteristic that evokes jealousy. Outgroups perceived to pose greater threat to one’s mating resources should evoke more jealousy. Among Dutch students, we investigated the relationship between jealousy towards rivals of different ethnic groups and perceivedcharacteristics of these groups. We found that jealousy was especially high for rivals from outgroups that were perceived to have a tendency to engage in short-term mating (e.g., being attractive, promiscuous, and seductive), and to have a high status (e.g., being successful and confident). Men scored higher on a scale designed to assess intergroup intrasexual competition, and the higher men scored on this scale, the more they tended to derogate outgroup rivals. This effect was not found for women, underlining the higher salience of intergroup intrasexual competition for men
Author Correction: The spatiotemporal organization of episodic memory and its disruption in a neurodevelopmental disorder
No full text: An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper
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