790 research outputs found
7-Valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in England and Wales: is it still beneficial despite high levels of serotype replacement?
Get PDFBACKGROUND: The UK introduced the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) into the national vaccination program in September 2006. Previous modelling assumed that the likely impact of PCV7 on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) would be similar to the US experience with PCV7. However, recent surveillance data show a more rapid replacement of PCV7 IPD cases by non-PCV7 IPD cases than was seen in the US. METHODS AND FINDINGS: A previous model of pneumococcal vaccination was re-parameterised using data on vaccine coverage and IPD from England and Wales between 2006 and 2009. Disease incidence was adjusted for the increasing trend in reported IPD cases prior to vaccination. Using this data we estimated that individuals carrying PCV7 serotypes have much higher protection (96%;95% CI 72%-100%) against acquisition of NVT carriage than the 15% previously estimated from US data, which leads to greater replacement. However, even with this level of replacement, the annual number of IPD cases may be 560 (95% CI, -100 to 1230) lower ten years after vaccine introduction compared to what it may have been without vaccination. A particularly marked fall of 39% in children under 15 years by 2015/6 is predicted. CONCLUSION: Our model suggests that PCV7 vaccination could result in a decrease in overall invasive pneumococcal disease, particularly in children, even in an environment of rapid replacement with non-PCV7 serotypes within 5 years of vaccine introduction at high coverage
JIT performance effects : a research note
No full textThis paper uses a sample of 131 just-in-time (JIT) firms and their matched non-JIT firms to examine whether adoption of JIT improves firm performance. Tobin's Q and return on assets (ROA) are used to measure firm performance. Overall, the results indicate that statistically significant differences in Tobin's Q and ROA were observed in a pre- and post-test of JIT adopters and between matched non-JIT adopters.</p
New JIT, New Management Technology Principle: Surpassing JIT
No full textAbstractThe aim of this paper is to reassess the way management technology was carried out in the manufacturing industry and establish “New JIT, New Management Technology Principle”. New JIT consists of the Total Development System (TDS), the Total Production System (TPS) and the Total Marketing System (TMS), which are the three core elements required for establishing new management technology principles for sales, R&D, design, engineering, and production, among others. To realize manufacturing that places top priority on customers with a good QCD in a rapidly changing technical environment, the author proposes a high linkage model, employing a structured “integrated triple management technologies system - Advanced TDS, TPS & TMS” for expanding “uniform quality worldwide and production at optimum locations”
The Relevancy Of Just-In-Time (JIT) Concept In Government Purchasing
Get PDFJust-in-Time (JIT) concept has been applied with considerable success in manufacturing environment. This paper provides insights of JIT concept and the pre-requisites for successful application of JIT in either private or public sectors. Although JIT concept has many advantages, a current study suggested that its application couldn't be applied in total to Government purchasing environment. Nevertheless, the essence of JIT concept in the context of supply management can and should be exploited
Quality Criteria for Just-in-Time Requirements: Just Enough, Just-in-Time?
No full textAbstract—Just-in-time (JIT) requirements drive agile teams in planning and implementing software systems. In this paper, we start with the hypothesis that performing informal verification of JIT requirements is useful. For this purpose we propose a framework for quality criteria for JIT requirements. This framework can be used by JIT teams to define ‘just-enough’ quality criteria. The framework also includes a time dimension such that quality criteria can be defined as ‘just-in-time’. We demonstrate the application of this framework to feature requests in open source projects and explain how it could be customized for other JIT environments. We present our results for feature requests in open source projects, to show that there is a difference between creation-time quality and just-in-time quality. As this is ongoing research, we also list several points for discussion and future work. I
Die Philosophie der "JIT-Just in time" und ihre gegenwärtige probleme
No full textArticles describes wrong understanding of JIT philosophy, as a connecting system between
supplier and customer through faster and more frequent deliveries. It shows iťs first appearance,
philosophy and also deals with supplies relationships with in JIT system. In the second part of the
article current problems of transport in JIT regime are highlighted. At the same time there are
offered solutions which are applied by companies, which already had serious problem with JIT.Der Artikel weisst auf irrtümliches Verstehen der Philosophie JIT hin, unter der man nicht nur
das System der Verbindung zwischen Lieferanten und Kunden durch schnellere und häufigere
Lieferungen verstehen kann.lm Artikel wird die Entstehung und die Philosphie des Systems
beschrieben. Der Author befässt sich näher auch mit den Bezichungen der Lieferanten im Rahmen
JIT. lm Zweiten Teil werden heutige Probleme des Verkehrs in JIT - Regime erhoben und es sind
Lösungen angeboten, die von den getroffen Firmen angewandt sind
The Validity Of "TDS-DTM": A Strategic Methodology Of Merchandise Development Of New JIT-Key To The Excellence Design LEXUS
Get PDFRecently, the author has touched on the development of the principle of New JIT and its validity. In this paper, the author presents TDS-DTM (Toyota Development System-Design Technical Methods) as a methodology of New JIT, which contributes to strategic product development. The excellence profile design of LEXUS has achieved by TDS-DTM
A Post-Covid Model for JIT Success
Get PDFSupply chains, especially those that employ Lean and Just in Time (L/JIT), must improve in light of the many failures suffered throughout the Covid-19 pandemic that we are still facing today. In the past, the popularity of L/JIT systems helped those that use them become extremely successful in improving corporate bottom lines and attaining operational excellence. However, success has mostly been on an individual downstream firm level as often upstream moves to JIT are extremely difficult as firm size decreases. Therefore, added costs end up being pushed upstream resulting in no cost-savings overall, just a pushing of inefficiencies upstream. This runs counter to the current literature of the subject stressing supply chain-wide savings and creating win-win situations for all parties involved. A literature review was conducted researching L/JIT methods, and observations were made on the performance of supply chains of essential goods pre- and post-Covid-19. It was determined that although L/JIT has been successful in the past, many recent black swan supply chain disturbances have tested its limits and traditional methods have failed to provide essential goods to the public in a timely fashion. Although traditional methods are adequate to operate when market conditions run smoothly, this is not the case when highly unlikely occurrences present themselves. A five-factor VECIS model of JIT has been developed, listing main impediments to JIT as well as identification of factors vital for supply chain performance improvements that can better equip supply chains in the future to cope with unexpected events. The VECIS factors that strengthen JIT relationships are identified as visibility, ethicality, collaboration, integration, and synchronization, while the major impediments can be classified as political, environmental, distance, social, economic, location, healthy, and labor. Strengthening supply chains in the future is essential in maintaining the proper functioning of society. This is imperative to ensure the greater public can be supplied with essential life-saving goods in times of need. It is time for firms to assess the trade-offs of operational efficiency in the short-term with the possible negative implications that highly unlikely but devastating disturbances can inflict on not only their bottom-lines but the well-being of our greater society
Re-engineering for JIT information and materials handling : case for integrating systems
No full text82 p.Just In Time (JIT), a methodology widely applied in supply chain management has its beginning as a management philosophy in manufacturing environment in the 1970s. Its application pre-requisites centres on waste elimination, quality at source, minimum set-up time, optimum process and continuous improvement. Notwithstanding the numerous documented benefits of JIT, there are limitations concerning differences in business context, demand pattern and cultural influences.Master of Science (Logistics
The Application of Just-In-Time (JIT) Formative Assessment in Organic Chemistry Lecture
No full textSpelman College, an all-women institution ranked frequently as the #1 Historically Black Colleges and Universities in the country. In this study, we adopted just-in-time (JIT) approaches using Socrative, an online student-response system used as an assessment tool to facilitate immediate feedback response (instructor ↔ student) in Organic Chemistry II Lecture. Students retrieved the JIT questions using smartphones and the real-time results is accessed instantly. The goal of this project is to investigate the effectiveness of receiving immediate feedback through technology-assisted learning. We hypothesize that JIT assessment enhances mutual understanding of course objectives. The instructor used the results from the immediate feedback to address concept-check assessments as well as addressing obstacles student reported during the quiz administration. The JIT assessment was important in determining students needs of charts/tables to improve analytical skills in solving organic chemistry problems. In some cases concept-check assessment was administered with the provision of supplemental chart requested by students. Student scores on these Socrative JIT quizzes were used to demonstrate the effect of instructor-student mutual communication. Paired-t test showed a significant difference between the pre- and post-quizzes that were administered with addition of supplemental chart. In summary, JIT assessments helped instructor to decipher where students struggle immediately, which is effective in improving learning outcome
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