1,720,954 research outputs found
Integrating Genetics and Behavior: Unveiling the Genetic Landscape of Learning and Memory in Zebrafish through Breeding, Microinjections, and CRISPR-Cas9
No full textOne key trait of survival is an animal’s ability to commit experiences to memory and learn from those situational outcomes. This process is complex including a cascade of cognitive processes, encompassing stimulus perception, information encoding, storage, and retrieval. Learning and memory along with other cognitive capabilities can differ between personality types, specifically the proactive and reactive stress coping styles observed in zebrafish. Qualitative differences in responses to stimuli and genetic composition have been studied between proactive and reactive stress coping styles. Whole brain RNA sequencing studies have indicated that reactive fish have higher amounts of npas4a and grm5 and proactive fish have higher amounts of comta and npy than their counterpart. suggest diverse social and ecological interpretations between individuals with alternative personality types.
To address this, our study uses the CRISPR-Cas9 system to insert mutations into the single-cell stage of the zebrafish embryos that will cause the deletion of these candidate genes in each respective stress-coping style. Our methodology includes breeding zebrafish with distinct stress coping styles, conducting microinjections to induce gene knockout, raising embryos to adulthood, and subsequently assessing learning and memory behavior.
Currently, over 60 zebrafish have been tested to find the most extreme candidates to breed for each stress-coping style. Breeding has been attempted 24 times, resulting in a total collection of roughly 600 eggs, with half of those being injected with a testing dye for practicing microinjection. Roughly 37% of the injected embryos survived and 41% of the uninjected embryos survived. We are testing different breeding strategies, such as breeder pairing ratios, methods of checking for eggs, and time tested for breeding.
Our novel breeding strategy exhibits promising results in achieving increased egg production and minimizing stress on breeding fish. The implications extend to our further research on microinjecting the embryos with the CRISPR-Cas9 system to remove targeted genes and raising the embryos to adulthood to see their influence on learning and memory in proactive and reactive stress coping styles
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Investigating the Effects of SOD1 Knockout on Oxidative Stress and Stress Coping Styles in Zebrafish Using CRISPR Technology
Get PDFReactive oxygen species are byproducts of cellular metabolism that, when not efficiently neutralized, can damage DNA, proteins, and lipids. Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) is an antioxidant enzyme that converts superoxide radicals into less harmful molecules. While its molecular function is well documented, the role of SOD1 in shaping stress-related behavior remains underexplored. This project aimed to establish foundational tools for studying the behavioral impact of SOD1 knockout across proactive and reactive stress-coping styles in zebrafish.
To support future gene-editing experiments, microinjection and breeding protocols were refined across wildtype AB, proactive, and reactive zebrafish lines. No embryos were injected with CRISPR-Cas9 reagents due to limited availability of single-cell stage embryos, particularly in proactive and reactive strains. A total of 233 breeding attempts were conducted to determine optimal spawning conditions. Critical variables included strain type, sex ratio, pre-isolation period, egg collection timing, tank design, submersion duration, and minimizing disturbance. The most effective setup involved a 2:1 female-to-male ratio, four-day pre-isolation, and a custom-designed breeding chamber left submerged and undisturbed until the second morning. Eggs were detected using a borescope.
Microinjection techniques were validated using phenol red dye, and embryo survival was tracked across all strains. A total of 315 reactive, 850 proactive, and 1,641 wildtype embryos were assessed. Survival was slightly lower in injected groups compared to uninjected controls, but injection viability was confirmed. This study establishes a strain-sensitive breeding and injection protocol that lays essential groundwork for investigating how oxidative stress and behavioral phenotype interact to shape stress responses
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
