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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Full fat rice bran in diets for beef cattle : nutritive value and animal performance
No full textO trabalho caracterizou o farelo de arroz disponível no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, através do estudo da composição bromatológica, mineral, do valor energético e da degradabilidade ruminal da matéria seca das amostras de farelo de arroz integral, branco e parboilizado, e desengordurado. Também foi avaliado o desempenho de novilhos, em campo nativo, submetidos à níveis crescentes de farelo de arroz integral. Foram registrados o consumo de farelo de arroz individual, o peso vivo, condição corporal e peso de carcaça dos animais e determinados o ganho de peso vivo diário e o rendimento de carcaça. Também foi avaliado o comportamento ingestivo dos animais frente a oferta de níveis crescentes de farelo de arroz. A variabilidade da composição química do farelo de arroz foi manifestada principalmente pela amplitude dos teores das frações extrato etéreo e proteína bruta, variando com a origem onde é produzido o grão e, com o tipo de farelo produzido. A degradabilidade da matéria seca foi menor no farelo de arroz desengordurado seguido pelos farelos branco e parboilizado. A fração mineral esteve representada principalmente pelo fósforo, ferro, cobre, zinco e manganês com baixas concentrações de cálcio, originando relações de Ca:P da ordem de 1:32, comprometendo a utilização do farelo de arroz na alimentação dos animais sem que haja correções para cálcio. O fornecimento de 0,5% do peso vivo de farelo de arroz, em dietas com volumoso de baixa a média qualidade e quantidade de matéria seca média de 1500 kg de MS/ha, proporcionou o melhor ganho de peso. O consumo de 2,0% do peso vivo de farelo de arroz, embora não tenha sido alcançado por todos os animais, não caracterizou acidose clínica nem trouxe alteração patológica a nível de epitélio ruminal e fígado. O tempo de pastejo foi afetado pelo consumo de farelo de arroz.The research characterized rice bran produced in Rio Grande do Sul through chemical composition, mineral composition, energetic values and the dry matter degradability of whole rice bran, parboiled rice bran and defatted rice bran. The individual feed intake, body condition, carcass weight, daily live weight gain and dressing out were evaluated by rice bran supplements for beef steers on rangeland. The variability of chemical composition of rice bran is showed mainly by variation in fat and protein fractions that was greatly due to factors such as regions were the grain was grown and type of rice bran. Dry matter degradability was lower for the defatted rice bran followed by whole rice bran and parboiled rice bran. The mineral fraction is represented mainly by P, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn with low concentration of Ca and with a Ca:P relationship of 1:32. which can limit the utilization of rice bran in animal feeding if the Ca level is not corrected. The utilization of 0.5% body weight (BW) of rice bran in diets with roughage of low and average quality and dry matter availability of 1500 kg DM/ha offered the best live weigh gain. The intake of 2% BW or rice bran, although it was not attainned for all animals, it has not showed clinical acidosis neither pathologic alterations on ruminal and liver. Rice bran intake affected the grazing time
Puberty in Braford heifers : body development and endocrine relations
No full textO experimento foi conduzido para determinar a idade e o peso vivo à puberdade de novilhas Braford obtidas de cinco cruzamentos entre Nelore-(N) e Hereford-(H), (25%N-75%H; 37,5%N-63,5%H; 43,7%N-56,3H%; 50%N-50%H; 75%N- 25%H), submetidas a quatro níveis nutricionais (kg/d): 0,5 (G500; n=32), 0,75 (G750; n=32), 1,00 (G1000; n=29) e 1,25 (G1250; n=27) a partir do desmame até a puberdade. A puberdade foi arbitrada pela presença do estro seguida da formação de um corpo lúteo. A espessura de gordura de cobertura (mm) no início e no final do período experimental foi determinada pelo ultra-som. A idade e peso na puberdade foram 388,0 ± 1,9 dias e 331,4 ± 1,3 kg, respectivamente. As novilhas mantidas no maior ganho diário médio foram mais pesadas ao primeiro estro e tiveram uma menor idade à puberdade. Entretanto, existiu uma interação entre o nível nutricional e a composição racial. Novilhas 75N foram mais pesadas, mais velhas e apresentaram maior altura da garupa na puberdade do que as novilhas 25, 37,5, e 43,5N. Os coeficientes de correlação entre o escore de condição corporal, espessura de gordura de cobertura e a idade à puberdade foram –0,37 e –0,58, respectivamente. Foi observado um efeito linear entre a relação peso:altura e a idade à puberdade. A idade à puberdade foi influenciada pelo diâmetro do folículo ovariano aos 10 meses de idade. Novilhas submetidas a altos níveis nutricionais pós-desmame demonstraram maiores diâmetros foliculares aos 10 meses de idade e foram mais jovens na puberdade. Os níveis séricos de IGF-I foram 206, 234, 308 e 312 ng/ml na puberdade segundo os níveis nutricionais G500, G750, G1000 e G1250, respectivamente. Os níveis de IGF-I foram associados com a idade à puberdade da novilhas porque influenciaram o crescimento folicular aos 10 meses de idade.A trial was conducted to determine the age and liveweight at puberty of Bradford heifers obtained by various Nelore (N)-Hereford (H) crosses (25%N-75%H; 37,5%N-63,5%H; 43,7%N-56,3H%; 50%N-50%H; 75%N-25%H), submitted to four nutritional levels (kg/d): 0.5 (L; n=32), 0.75 (M; n=32), 1.00 (H; n=29) and 1.25 (VH; n=27) from weaning to puberty. Puberty was defined as estrus followed by formation of a corpus luteum. Backfat thickness (mm) at the start and at the end of the experimental period was determined by ultrasonography. The age and liveweight at puberty were 388.0 ± 1.9 days and 331.4 ± 1.3 kg, respectively. The heifers with higher post weaning average daily gain were heavier at first oestrous and had a lower age at puberty. However, there are a interaction between the growth rates and breed composition. The 75% Nelore heifers were higher, older and taller at puberty than 25, 37.5, and 43.5N one. The fenotipic correlation between body condition score, bakcfat tickness and puberty age were –0.37 and -0.58, respectively. A linear effect was observed between the ratio weight:hight and age at puberty. The age at puberty was affected by the follicle diameter at 10 months age. The heifers submitted to the higher feeding level showed the higher follicle diameter at 10 months age and were younger at puberty. The IGF-I blood serum levels were 206, 234, 308 and 312 ng/ml at puberty according the L, M, H and VH average daily gain, respectively. The IGF-I levels were associated to the age at puberty the heifers because influenced the follicular growth at 10 months of the age
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Bio-hidrogenação in vitro do ácido linoleico e seus intermediários em função do pH ruminal
Get PDFUm estudo foi conduzido através de incubações in vitro com fluído ruminal ovino para investigar fatores que podem modular a bio-hidrogenação e assim a produção e acúmulo de intermediários, além de identificar a ação deste fatores sobre as taxas e eficiências médias das três reações da bio-hidrogenação do C18:2n-6 (isomerização do C18:2n-6 a CLA, redução de CLA a C18:1 trans e redução de C18:1 trans a C18:0), combinando fatorialmente diferentes faixas de pH do meio de fermentação (pHB ~ 5,4; pHM ~ 6,2; pHA ~ 7,0), níveis de inclusão de C18:2n-6 puro (30 mg; 45 mg) e tempos de incubação (1/2 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h). Como substrato, se utilizou uma ração sintética livre de lipídios e, a ela se adicionou o C18:2n-6. O conteúdo das incubações foi congelado, liofilizados e o perfil lipídico analisado por cromatografia a gás. O nível de inclusão de ácido linoleico e o pH afetaram o equilíbrio de ácidos graxos de 18 carbonos no meio incubado, observando-se interações. Em comparação com o nível de linoleico 45 mg, o de 30 mg favoreceu a produção de C18:0, de todos os isômeros C18:1-trans, porém o acúmulo de isômeros CLA, e também o desaparecimento do C18:2n-6 foram beneficiados pelo maior nível de inclusão. Em comparação com as faixas de pH baixo e pH médio do meio, o pH alto resultou em maior desaparecimento do C18:2n-6, produção de isômeros C18:1- trans e produção de isômeros CLA, exceto o CLA trans-10, cis-12 que teve maior acúmulo no pH 6,2. O baixo pH foi responsável pelo menor desaparecimento de C18:2n-6 devido a inibição da isomerização, entretanto, não é observado efeito sobre as demais reações, de forma a não haver acúmulo elevado de CLA e C18:1 trans. A maior inclusão inicial de C18:2n-6 em pHs elevados, causou maiores acúmulos de CLA, o qual atuou como inibidor da isomerização do C18:2n-6 e da primeira redução, uma vez que se observa grande quantidade acumuladaA study was conducted through in vitro incubations with ovine ruminal fluid to investigate factors that can modulate biohydrogenation and thus the production and accumulation of intermediates, in addition to identifying the action of these factors on the rates and average efficiencies of the three bio hydrogenation-reactions of C18:2n-6 (isomerization of C18:2n-6 to CLA, reduction of CLA to C18:1 trans and reduction of C18:1 trans to C18:0), factorially combining different pH ranges of the fermentation medium (pHB ~ 5,4; pHM ~ 6,2; pHA ~ 7,0), inclusion levels of pure C18: 2n-6 (30 mg, 45 mg) and incubation times (1/2 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h). As a substrate, a lipid-free synthetic feed was used and C18: 2n-6 was added there to. The contents of the incubations were frozen, lyophilized and the lipid profile analyzed by gas chromatography. The inclusion level of linoleic acid and pH affected the equilibrium of 18-carbon fatty acids in the incubated medium, observing interactions. Compared with the linoleic 45 mg level, that of 30 mg favored the production of C18:0, of all C18:1 trans isomers, but the accumulation of CLA isomers, as well as the disappearance of C18:2n-6 were benefited by the higher level of inclusion. High pH resulted in higher disappearance of C18:2n-6, production of C18:1 trans isomers and production of CLA isomers, except CLA trans-10, cis-12 that had greater accumulation at pH 6.2. The low pH was responsible for the lower disappearance of C18:2n-6 due to inhibition of isomerization, however, no effect was observed on the other reactions, so that there was no high accumulation of CLA and C18:1 trans. The higher initial inclusion of C18:2n-6 at high pHs caused greater accumulations of CLA, which acted as an inhibitor of C18: 2n-6 isomerization and the first reduction, since a large accumulated amount of these isomers is observed, however, had no effect on the second reduction. The combination that led to the higher accumulations of C18:
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