1,720,953 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The Influence of Lower Extremity Muscle Fatigue on Baseball Pitching Biomechanics and Performance
No full textBaseball pitching is a complex and dynamic movement involving the lower extremities, trunk, and upper extremities with the goal of throwing the 145 g baseball toward home plate with maximal velocity and accuracy. Previous research has shown a link between elbow and shoulder injury with increased pitch volume, innings pitch in a calendar year, pitch type, and number of months pitched per year (21,32). According to Spotrac, which records the injured list of MLB players and their salaries while on the injured list, 18,369 days were missed by MLB pitchers on the injury list with a throwing-related injury in 2019, which translates into $318,667,058 lost by MLB clubs (35). To date, multiple studies that have investigated the influence of fatigue on pitching kinetics, kinematics, and muscle activation in the different phases of the pitching motion (2,3,8, 24,27,28). However, none of these studies consider the performance aspects of pitching accuracy as well as pitching velocity in a simulated baseball pitching performance in which joint kinematics and muscle fatigue are also recorded. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine how lower extremity fatigue with increased pitch count impacts a pitcher's joint kinematics, muscle activation levels, and pitching performance so that coaches may better be able decide when to take a pitcher out of a game. METHODS: Eleven high school and collegiate pitchers (age: 16.67 ± 0.86 years, height: 1.78 ± 0.08 m, weight: 74.6 ± 14.82 kg) with 11.4 ± 1.59 years of experience participated, two of which had to be excluded due to EMG issues. Data were collected using Noraxon Ultium Lab EMG, IMU, and Ninox 120 video camera. EMG electrodes were equipped to muscle bellies of the stride leg (BF, GAST, SEMI, VL, VM) and drive leg (GM, VL, VM) muscles, with IMU's being equipped to the stride leg (shank and thigh) and throwing shoulder (upper arm and forearm), along with C7. After a warmup, participants were equipped with EMG and performed MVIC testing, and then equipped with IMU. IMU were then calibrated, and participants were given the opportunity to thrown warmup pitches off the mound. Participants threw 14-18 pitch innings with fastball, offspeed, and breakingball randomized like a game scenario. Participants threw a minimum of 60 pitches with a maximum of 105 pitches thrown. After each inning, participant rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was recoded. RESULTS: Participants averaged 80 ± 13 total pitches and had a pitch velocity of (fastball 73.29 ± 5.98 mph, 73.76 ± 6.08 mph, offspeed 66.30 ± 5.98 mp, 66.41 ± 6.25 mph, and breakingball 62.81 ± 5.44 mph, 62.87 ± 5.63 mph) and pitch accuracy of (fastball 41.17 ± 25.48%, 37.63 ± 19.67%, offspeed 38.71 ± 30.87%, 28.77 ± 19.43%, and breakingball 30.24 ± 21.70%, 28.90 ± 20.86%) for the first and last innings respectively. Shoulder external rotation for the follow through phase of the pitching motion was significantly different from the first to last inning (p=0.03). There were no other variables that were found to be significantly different from first to last inning CONCLUSION: From the first to last inning, participant median frequency (Hz) for EMG did not significantly change, thus we do not believe that their lower extremity muscles were fatigued. However, we did notice that with no lower extremity fatigue, there were moderate Cohen's D for effect size of the Wind Up and SFC pitching phase for throwing shoulder external rotation. This would indicate that although there was so significant difference, in the Wind Up and SFC phases there were moderate differences in the mean from first to last inning. Overall, this suggests that future studies should investigate how many pitches it takes for a pitcher to fatigue
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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