729 research outputs found
Figure 4. Lumbricillus antarcticus and Marionina colpites. A–C, L. antarcticus, sectioned specimen BMNH 1933.2.23.899. A, B, spermatheca. C, genitalia. D–F, M. colpites. D in New insights into the systematics of Lumbricillus and Marionina (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) inferred from Southern Hemisphere samples, including three new species
No full textFigure 4. Lumbricillus antarcticus and Marionina colpites. A–C, L. antarcticus, sectioned specimen BMNH 1933.2.23.899. A, B, spermatheca. C, genitalia. D–F, M. colpites. D, male pore and associated glands (BMNH 1933.2.23.888). E, F, spermatheca (BMNH 1933.2.23.886 and BMNH 1933.2.23.888). Abbreviations are defined under 'Taxonomy'. Scale bars: 100 μm.Published as part of Klinth, Mårten J., Rota, Emilia, Martinsson, Svante, Prantoni, Alessandro L. & Erséus, Christer, 2022, New insights into the systematics of Lumbricillus and Marionina (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) inferred from Southern Hemisphere samples, including three new species, pp. 1103-1133 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4) on page 1112, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab073, http://zenodo.org/record/646108
Lumbricillus undetermined
No full textLUMBRICILLUS SP. ‘MARION IS.’ (FIG. 7)Published as part of Klinth, Mårten J., Rota, Emilia, Martinsson, Svante, Prantoni, Alessandro L. & Erséus, Christer, 2022, New insights into the systematics of Lumbricillus and Marionina (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) inferred from Southern Hemisphere samples, including three new species, pp. 1103-1133 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4) on page 1116, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab073, http://zenodo.org/record/646108
Figure 5. Lumbricillus nivalis, holotype. A, chaetal bundle. B, spermatheca. C in New insights into the systematics of Lumbricillus and Marionina (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) inferred from Southern Hemisphere samples, including three new species
No full textFigure 5. Lumbricillus nivalis, holotype. A, chaetal bundle. B, spermatheca. C, anterior part of body. D, genitalia. Abbreviations are defined under 'Taxonomy'. Scale bars: 100 μm.Published as part of Klinth, Mårten J., Rota, Emilia, Martinsson, Svante, Prantoni, Alessandro L. & Erséus, Christer, 2022, New insights into the systematics of Lumbricillus and Marionina (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) inferred from Southern Hemisphere samples, including three new species, pp. 1103-1133 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4) on page 1114, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab073, http://zenodo.org/record/646108
Figure 3. Lumbricillus antarcticus. A in New insights into the systematics of Lumbricillus and Marionina (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) inferred from Southern Hemisphere samples, including three new species
No full textFigure 3. Lumbricillus antarcticus. A, chaetal bundle (CE12480). B, anterior part of body (CE12479). C, nephridium (CE12480). D, genitalia (CE12479). E, F, spermathecae (CE12479 and CE34641). Abbreviations are defined under 'Taxonomy'. Scale bars: 100 μm.Published as part of Klinth, Mårten J., Rota, Emilia, Martinsson, Svante, Prantoni, Alessandro L. & Erséus, Christer, 2022, New insights into the systematics of Lumbricillus and Marionina (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) inferred from Southern Hemisphere samples, including three new species, pp. 1103-1133 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4) on page 1112, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab073, http://zenodo.org/record/646108
Figure 9. A in New insights into the systematics of Lumbricillus and Marionina (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) inferred from Southern Hemisphere samples, including three new species
No full textFigure 9. A, Marionina sp. 'Snow Is.' (CE34647), anterior body (lateral view). B, Marionina aestuum, sectioned specimen BMNH 1933.2.23.895, cephalic region (lateral view). C, M. aestuum (CE12477), cephalic region (ventral view). D, Marionina georgiana (paralectotype 13), cephalic region (ventral view). Abbreviations are defined under 'Taxonomy'. Scale bars: 100 μm.Published as part of Klinth, Mårten J., Rota, Emilia, Martinsson, Svante, Prantoni, Alessandro L. & Erséus, Christer, 2022, New insights into the systematics of Lumbricillus and Marionina (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) inferred from Southern Hemisphere samples, including three new species, pp. 1103-1133 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4) on page 1122, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab073, http://zenodo.org/record/646108
Figure 6. Lumbricillus finisafricae, holotype. A, chaetal bundle. B in New insights into the systematics of Lumbricillus and Marionina (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) inferred from Southern Hemisphere samples, including three new species
No full textFigure 6. Lumbricillus finisafricae, holotype. A, chaetal bundle. B, anterior part of body. C, spermatheca. D, genitalia. Abbreviations are defined under 'Taxonomy'. Scale bars: 100 μm.Published as part of Klinth, Mårten J., Rota, Emilia, Martinsson, Svante, Prantoni, Alessandro L. & Erséus, Christer, 2022, New insights into the systematics of Lumbricillus and Marionina (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) inferred from Southern Hemisphere samples, including three new species, pp. 1103-1133 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4) on page 1115, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab073, http://zenodo.org/record/646108
Figure 11 in First reports of Grania (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) from Africa and South America: molecular phylogeny and descriptions of nine new species
No full textFigure 11. Majority-rule consensus gene tree of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) locus from all species described in this study. Posterior probabilities calculated from Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) inference are noted above the branches. Note the four clades within Grania chilensis sp. nov.Published as part of Prantoni, Alessandro Lívio, Wit, Pierre De & Erséus, Christer, 2016, First reports of Grania (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) from Africa and South America: molecular phylogeny and descriptions of nine new species, pp. 485-510 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3) on page 503, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12333, http://zenodo.org/record/472062
Lumbricillus nivalis Klinth, Rota, Martinsson, Prantoni & Erséus, 2022, SP. NOV.
No full textLUMBRICILLUS NIVALIS KLINTH, ROTA & ERSÉUS SP. NOV. (FIG. 5) Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act: D62E6765-ED4D-498D-A300-50D5232BDD14 Holotype: SMNH Type Coll. 9310 (CE34644), a mature amputated specimen stained in Paracarmine and mounted on a slide. Leg. Karla Paresque, 15 January 2015. COI barcode, GenBank MZ 393952; accession numbers for additional genetic data are given in Table 1 and the Supporting Information (Table S1). Type locality: Snow Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, from algae on rocks in intertidal zone, 62.7753 S, 61.2858 W. Etymology: The Latin adjective nivalis means snowy, alluding to the name of the type locality, Snow Island. Diagnosis: This species, now differentiated by a unique COI barcode, is a member of the L. lineatus group, meaning that it has testis sacs forming clubshaped lobes arranged in a fan shape and spindleshaped spermathecae. It can be distinguished from other L. lineatus group members by: (1) its short sperm funnels, 1.5–2.0 times longer than wide; (2) vasa deferentia extending posterior to XII; (3) spermathecae with short ectal duct, rapidly widening into ampulla, with ampulla widest ectally, gradually tapering towards ental duct, which connects to oesophagus; and (4) clitellum ventrally absent in XII but present ventrally in (first half of) XIII. Description: Length of first 25 segments 6 mm (fixed, amputated specimen); first 15 segments 3.7 mm long; width at clitellum 0.50 mm. Chaetae sigmoid (Fig. 5A). Upper bundles dorsolateral (higher than the lateral line but closer to it than the ventral bundles), with three to five chaetae anterior and posterior of clitellum, at least to XXV. Ventral bundles with (three) four to six throughout to XXV. The longest measured chaetae 60 µm long, ~3–5 µm wide. Epidermis loosely covered with rows of pale gland cells. Clitellum with reticulate pattern of gland cells, extending over XII–1/2XIII, interrupted ventrally in XII but present ventrally in XIII. Coelomocytes numerous, ~10–15 µm long; round, oval or spindle shaped; granulated with distinct nucleus. Paired pharyngeal glands (Fig. 5C) in IV, V and VI; first two pairs narrowly connected dorsally, a trait not discernible in third pair owing to damaged specimen; ventral lobes elongated, possibly attributable to fixation. Dorsal vessel seemingly originating in XIII, with peristomial bifurcation. Nephridia ~130– 150 µm long, observed in 7/8, 8/9 and postclitellar segments. Anteseptale small, consisting of funnel only. Postseptale oval, tapering into posteroventral efferent duct. Brain with posterior incision. Male genitalia paired (Fig. 5D). Testes originating in anterior of XI, with testis sacs forming regular club-shaped lobes extending forwards into IX. Sperm funnels in XI, 240 µm long, 140 µm wide, making them 1.5–2.0 times longer than wide; funnels tapering towards vasa deferentia. Vasa deferentia irregularly coiled in XII–XIII, possibly reaching XIV, 15 µm wide. Penial bulbs round, 85 µm in diameter. Ovaries in XII. No mature eggs observed. Spermathecae (Fig. 5B) in V, pear or spindle shaped, with short ectal duct covered in musculature and rapidly widening into ampulla. Ampulla widest ectally and gradually tapering towards ental duct, which connects to oesophagus. Sperm in lumen of ectal part of ampulla; heads of spermatozoa embedded in wall of ampulla. Spermathecae 255 µm long, 20 µm wide at the ectal duct, expanding to 80 µm at widest part of ampulla. Gland cells surrounding ectal duct as a compact mass, 100 µm in diameter at its widest part. No midventral subneural glands observed. Geographical distribution: Known from the South Shetland Islands only. Remarks: Genetically and morphologically, this species is most closely related to the specimens we identified as L. antarcticus, which were found at the same locality on Snow Island. As such, this new species can be separated from other members of the L. lineatus group in the same way as described in the remarks for L. antarcticus above, where primarily the short sperm funnels help to distinguish this species from many somewhat similar Lumbricillus species from the Subantarctic. Owing to their likeness, we had to consider which of our two species was the true L. antarcticus. The clitellum is saddle-shaped in L. antarcticus, but in our single specimen of L. nivalis it is also present ventrally in the anterior of XIII. Moreover, L. nivalis has smaller penial bulbs and lacks subneural glands (possibly attributed to it not being fully mature; no mature eggs were observed). Finally, L. nivalis can be separated by its vasa deferentia extending all the way back to segment XIII or possibly XIV, whereas the vasa are consistently confined to XII in our and Stephenson’s material of L. antarcticus.Published as part of Klinth, Mårten J., Rota, Emilia, Martinsson, Svante, Prantoni, Alessandro L. & Erséus, Christer, 2022, New insights into the systematics of Lumbricillus and Marionina (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) inferred from Southern Hemisphere samples, including three new species, pp. 1103-1133 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4) on pages 1114-1115, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab073, http://zenodo.org/record/646108
Grania brasiliensis Prantoni & Wit & Erséus 2016, SP. NOV.
No full textGRANIA BRASILIENSIS SP. NOV. FIGURE 1 Holotype ZUEC CLI 04, individual CE20734, whole-mounted, sexually mature specimen, with some segments amputated, from Ponta do Poço, Paranaguá Bay, Paraná State, southern coast of Brazil, 25°32′54″S, 48°23′18″W, estuarine subtidal, 7 m depth, medium to coarse sand with some mud, and lots of shell and cirriped fragments. Collected by A. L. Prantoni, 19 August 2013. COI barcode sequence, GenBank acc. no KT428110; for other sequence data, see Table 1. Etymology Named for Brazil. Paratypes ZUEC CLI 05 – CLI 07, three whole-mounted adult mature specimens, one from the type locality and two from the rocky promontory of the Ponta do Baleeiro beach, São Sebastião, São Paulo State, south-east coast of Brazil, 23°49′41″S, 45°25′23″W, lower intertidal pond, gravel and coarse sand with shell fragments, A. L. Prantoni, 28 October 2012. Paratypes not barcoded. Description Holotype> 5.71 mm long,> 38 segments (posterior end used for genetic analyses), 0.18 mm wide at segment III, 0.15 mm wide at segment XII, and 0.12 mm wide at segment XXI. Paratypes (complete adults) 5.28– 13.7 mm (n = 3), 40–61 segments (n = 3), 0.12–0.14 mm wide at segment III, 0.13–0.15 mm wide at segment XII, 0.13–0.17 mm wide at segment XXI (n = 2; one paratype not suitable for width measurements). Prostomium small, rounded, 45–65 μm long, 39–81 μm wide (n = 4); epidermis not reduced at front tip, 7–16 μm thick. Ventral chaetae from segment IV, lateral chaetae from segment XVII (n = 2) or segment XVIII (n = 2). Chaetae (Fig. 1A) 35–60 μm long, shaft straight, 3.5–5.0 μm thick at midpoint, L-shaped, proximally bent into a short oblique foot, with low instep and receding heel. Chaetal index (Rota & Erséus, 2003) 3.61 ± 0.56 (n = 5). Epidermal gland cells inconspicuous. Clitellum (not well developed in the holotype) maximally 18 μm thick, extending over segment XII and anterior half of segment XIII, comprising more or less regular transverse rows of hyaline cells alternating with granular cells; hyaline cells more abundant than granular cells; both types of cell absent midventrally between male pores (Fig. 1C). Spermathecal pores paired, lateral, somewhat posterior to 4/5. Male pores ventrolateral in middle of segment XII. Female pores ventrolateral, just posterior to 12/13. Anus directed ventrad (paratypes). Brain posteriorly indented. Head organ (sensu Rota & Erséus, 1996) absent. Pharyngeal glands in segments IV–VI; dorsal lobes present in segment IV (one pair), segment V (one pair), and in segment VI (one pair), ventral lobes present in segment IV (one pair), segment V (two pairs), and in segment VI (two pairs); glands not connected dorsally. Nephridia not observed. Chloragogen cells inconspicuous. Dorsal blood vessel arising in segment XIX or XX. Coelomocytes sparse, small, up to 11.5 μm long, irregularly oval or circular; cytoplasm with fine granulation around cell nucleus. Sperm sac extending into segments XIV– XVI. Egg sac extending into segments XVII–XXII. Sperm funnels very long, in segments XI–XII (paratype) or segments XI–XIV (holotype), 10–12 times longer than wide, directed posteriorly (n = 2) (Fig. 1D). Vasa deferentia 7 μm wide, coiled and reaching at least into segment XV. Penial apparatus type 1 (sensu Coates, 1984), with small, round bulb, 59 μm long, 62 μm wide (n = 1), or oval bulb, 69 μm long, 38 μm wide (n = 1); bulb glandular, surrounding a simple invaginated male pore; stylet absent (Fig. 1D). Midventral copulatory gland (in segment XIV) present. Spermathecae communicating with the oesophagus close to septum 5/6 through narrow ental ducts. Ectal ducts spindle-shaped, thick-walled, muscular, 67–79 μm long, 31–40 μm thick at midcourse, joining ampullar cavity through conspicuous deep conical intrusion. Ampullae 41–66 μm long, 36–59 μm wide; oval, ectally granulated (Fig. 1B). No glands at ectal pores of spermathecae. Sperm rings not observed in ampullae. Remarks The combination of the long sperm funnel, presence of a midventral copulatory gland in segment XIV, and the unusual clitellum, with hyaline cells more abundant than granular cells, may differentiate this new species from all other described species of Grania. Grania brasiliensis sp. nov. appears to be similar to the Caribbean species G. americana, by the shape of the spermathecae, total length, and number of segments. In addition, the genetic analyses indicate that these two species are closely related (see Phylogenetic analyses). There are at least two obvious morphological differences, however: G. americana is distinguished from G. brasiliensis sp. nov. by its large glands at the spermathecal pores and the presence of a head organ. Two species from the South Atlantic, sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia, i.e. Grania monochaeta (Michaelsen, 1888) and Grania lasserrei Rota & Erséus, 1997, share the presence of a midventral copulatory gland (in segment XIV) with G. brasiliensis sp. nov. A third species from the same island, Grania stephensoniana Rota & Erséus, 1997, also seems to have this gland, but it was not clearly seen because of the poor quality of the specimens available for the original description (see Rota & Erséus, 1997); G. stephensoniana is also larger than all the other species just mentioned. Grania monochaeta is similar to G. brasiliensis sp. nov. in the location of the spermathecal pores (at some distance from 4/5), but it has glands at its spermathecal pores and stylets in its penial bulbs; G. brasiliensis sp. nov. lacks these characters. Both G. lasserrei and G. stephensoniana possess a head organ (Rota & Erséus, 1996), a structure observed neither in G. brasiliensis sp. nov. nor in G. monochaeta. The presence of a copulatory gland in segment XIV is also characteristic of the Tasmanian species Grania tasmaniae Rota & Erséus, 2000, but like G. lasserrei and G. stephensoniana, this species also has a head organ, and furthermore, an unusual type of coelomocytes; according to Rota & Erséus (2000), these cells resemble the spindle-shaped coelomocytes found in Cernosvitoviella and some species of Chamaedrilus (formerly Cognettia; see Martinsson, Rota & Erséus, 2014). Despite sharing some characters with G. brasiliensis sp. nov., all of the species from South Africa described below (see their respective remarks), have sperm funnels that are short, not long as in the G. brasiliensis sp. nov., and a clitellar epidermis that seems to contain only granular cells (no rows of hyaline cells as in the Brazilian species). The length of the sperm funnels and the absence of stylets also distinguish G. brasiliensis sp. nov. from the Caribbean Grania bermudensis Erséus & Lasserre, 1976, Grania laxartus Locke & Coates, 1999, and Grania hylae Locke & Coates, 1999. Moreover, these species differ from G. brasiliensis sp. nov. by their complex penial apparatus, and the presence of a head organ in both G. laxartus and G. hylae. Among the Grania species with elongate sperm funnels, a pattern of clitellar cells similar to that in G. brasiliensis sp. nov., i.e. alternating rows of granular and hyaline cells, has also been described for the Western Australian Grania sperantia Rota, Wang & Erséus, 2007; however, this species lacks lateral chaetae and has an unsually long clitellum (extending over segments XI–XIII and sometimes over a part of segment XIV), with a thicker and more complex ‘multiband’ pattern, i.e. the hyaline cells are more numerous than the granular cells only at the two ends (‘borders of clitellum’; Rota et al., 2007). The sperm funnels are very long (between nine and 18 times longer than wide), in G. brasiliensis sp. nov. and G. sperantia, as well as in the other Australian species Grania conjuncta Coates & Stacey, 1993, Grania vacivasa Coates & Stacey, 1993, Grania eurystila Coates & Stacey, 1997, and Grania integra Coates & Stacey, 1997; however, all these species are totally devoid of lateral chaetae, which is not the case in G. brasiliensis sp. nov.Published as part of Prantoni, Alessandro Lívio, Wit, Pierre De & Erséus, Christer, 2016, First reports of Grania (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) from Africa and South America: molecular phylogeny and descriptions of nine new species, pp. 485-510 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3) on pages 489-490, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12333, http://zenodo.org/record/472062
Lumbricillus Orsted 1844
No full text<i>LUMBRICILLUS</i> ØRSTED, 1844 <p> <i>Type species: Lumbricus</i> <i>lineatus</i> Müller, 1774.</p>Published as part of <i>Klinth, Mårten J., Rota, Emilia, Martinsson, Svante, Prantoni, Alessandro L. & Erséus, Christer, 2022, New insights into the systematics of Lumbricillus and Marionina (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) inferred from Southern Hemisphere samples, including three new species, pp. 1103-1133 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 194 (4)</i> on page 1111, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab073, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/6461085">http://zenodo.org/record/6461085</a>
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