1,720,954 research outputs found
Pra-Desain Pabrik Biodiesel Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) dari Crude Palm Oil (CPO) dan Metanol dengan Metode Ester-Transesterifikasi dengan Kapasitas 460.000 kL/Tahun
No full textPra Desain Pabrik Biodiesel dari Crude Palm Oil ini dilakukan melalui proses esterifikasi dan transestrifikasi. Pabrik Biodiesel berkapasitas 460.000 kL/tahun ini direncanakan beroperasi sepanjang 330 hari per tahun. Pabrik ini diharapkan akan menghasilkan biodiesel untuk memenuhi kebutuhan ekspor dan dalam negeri. Bahan baku yang digunakan dalam pembuatan pabrik biodiesel adalah crude palm oil (CPO) dan metanol. Pabrik ini direncanakan akan dibangun di Kawasan Industri Tanjung Buton, Kabupaten Siak, Provinsi Riau. Hal ini memberikan kemudahan terhadap transportasi bahan baku dan produk akhir karena pasar untuk kedua produk sudah tersedia secara lokal. Esterifikasi dan transesterifikasi akan dilakukan pada suhu 60oC dan pada tekanan 1 atm menggunakan reaktor alir tangki berpengaduk dengan tingkat konversi reaksi 96% dan 98,5%. Dari studi evaluasi ekonomi pabrik ini, disimpulkan bahwa didapatkan penaksiran modal (CAPEX) sebesar Rp 759.071.381.776; biaya operasional (OPEX) sebesar Rp 6.640.239.068.924. Berdasarkan Analisis ekonomi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pabrik biodiesel dengan kapasitas 460.000 kL/tahun layak untuk didirikan secara ekonomis. Berdasarkan analisis ekonomi terhadap pabrik ini menunjukkan laju pengembalian modal (IRR) didapatkan sebesar 96,37% dengan bunga pinjaman 8,62% per tahun. Waktu pengembalian modal (POT) selama 1 tahun 3 bulan. Nilai Break Even Point (BEP) sebesar 14.17%. Dari data Analisis kelayakan di atas disimpulkan bahwa pabrik ini menguntungkan dan layak untuk didirikan.
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The predesign of the Biodiesel Plant from Crude Palm Oil was carried out through esterification and transestrification processes. The Biodiesel plant with a capacity of 460,000 kL/year is planned to operate for 330 days per year. The factory is expected to produce biodiesel to meet domestic and export needs. The raw materials used in the manufacture of biodiesel plants are crude palm oil (CPO) and methanol. This factory is planned to be built in the Tanjung Buton Industrial Area, Siak Regency, Riau Province. This provides convenience for the transportation of raw materials and final products because markets for both products are available locally. Esterification and transesterification will be carried out at a temperature of 60oC and at a pressure of 1 atm using a stirred tank flow reactor with reaction conversion rates of 96% and 98.5%. From this factory economic evaluation study, it was concluded that the estimated capital (CAPEX) was IDR 759.071.381.776; operational costs (OPEX) of IDR 6.640.239.068.924. Based on the economic analysis, it can be concluded that a biodiesel plant with a capacity of 460,000 kL/year is economically feasible to build. Based on the economic analysis of this factory, the rate of return on investment (IRR) was obtained at 93,67% with a loan interest of 8.62% per year. Payback period (POT) for 1 years 3 months. The Break-Even Point (BEP) value is 14.17%. From the feasibility analysis data above, it is concluded that this factory is profitable and feasible to establish
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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