1,722,391 research outputs found
Optimization-Based Methods for Nonlinear and Hybrid Systems Verification
Get PDFComplex behaviors that can be exhibited by hybrid systems make the verification of such systems both important and challenging. Due to the infinite number of possibilities taken by the continuous state and the uncertainties in the system, exhaustive simulation is impossible, and also computing the set of reachable states is generally intractable. Nevertheless, the ever-increasing presence of hybrid systems in safety critical applications makes it evident that verification is an issue that has to be addressed.
In this thesis, we develop a unified methodology for verifying temporal properties of continuous and hybrid systems. Our framework does not require explicit computation of reachable states. Instead, functions of state termed barrier certificates and density functions are used in conjunction with deductive inference to prove properties such as safety, reachability, eventuality, and their combinations. As a consequence, the proposed methods are directly applicable to systems with nonlinearity, uncertainty, and constraints. Moreover, it is possible to treat safety verification of stochastic systems in a similar fashion, by computing an upper-bound on the probability of reaching the unsafe states.
We formulate verification using barrier certificates and density functions as convex programming problems. For systems with polynomial descriptions, sum of squares optimization can be used to construct polynomial barrier certificates and density functions in a computationally scalable manner. Some examples are presented to illustrate the use of the methods. At the end, the convexity of the problem formulation is also exploited to prove a converse theorem in safety verification using barrier certificates.</p
A review on the components of Prajna
Get PDFThe word Prajna generally refers to know, the wisdom, the intelligence, the sense of discrimination and the judgment. It can be compared with the whole process of discrimination, retention and recalling capacity of an individual. Dhee, dhriti and smriti are considered to be types of prajna. These are also termed as Prajnopastambha and are nothing but the different stages of Prajna. The buddhi which sees the objects as they are (samata darshana) is dhee. The buddhi which restrains (niyamana) is dhruti. And the buddhi which is capable of remembering is smriti. The ability of discrimination of the object perceived is attributed to the function of dhee, while the decision making at that situation is guided and regulated by dhruti. And the retrieval of fast experiences in order to perform further action depends on Smruti. Buddhi also have the same synonyms as that of Prajna viz. Dhee, Prajna, Mati etc. Thus we can assume that the Buddhi and Prajna refer to the same. While the term ‘Medha’ refers to the higher intellect and synonymous to Prajna. Modern science describes the acquisition of knowledge has following cognitive domains such as encoding, storage, and retrieval which refer to the components of prajna. The article deals with conceptual study of Prajna, its components, its comparative terms in contemporary sciences, discussion and conclusion
Penegakan hukum perlindungan konsumen dalam isu pangan berformalin / oleh Prajna Wisakha
No full textabstrak (A) Nama : Prajna Wisakha (NIM: 205030071). (B) Judul Skripsi : Penegakan Hukum Perlindungan Konsumen dalam Isu Pangan Berformalin. (C) Halaman : viii + 109 + 47 + 2008. (D) Kata Kunci : Penegakan Hukum, Konsumen, Pangan. (E) Isi : Isu pangan berformalin sesungguhnya adalah masalah klasik yang telah jadi perbincangan sejak tahun 1980-an tetapi isu ini tidak pernah selesai. Tentunya hal ini bisa terjadi karena ada sesuatu yang salah. Jelas upaya mempublikasikan nama-nama makanan yang mengandung formalin bukan solusi tapi ada masalah law enforcement yang tidak berjalan sebagaimana seharusnya. Penegakan hukum yang dapat dilakukan dengan baik dan efektif merupakan salah satu tolak ukur keberhasilan suatu Negara dalam upaya mengangkat harkat dan martabat bangsanya di bidang hukum terutama untuk memberikan perlindungan hukum terhadap warganya. Meskipun demikian, untuk mewujudkan penegakan hukum tidaklah mudah, karena harus memenuhi syarat tegaknya lima pilar hukum yang meliputi instrumen hukum yang baik yaitu dari segi substansi hukumnya sendiri, aparat penegak hukum yang tangguh, sarana prasarana atau fasilitas yang memadai, serta faktor masyarakat, dan kebudayaan yang mendukung. Berkaitan dengan isu pangan berformalin, penulis mencoba untuk memecahkan pemasalahan terkait yaitu faktor-faktor yang mendominasi penegakan hukum serta strategi penegakan hukumnya. Penulis meneliti masalah tersebut dengan menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif. Dari data penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa faktor yang paling dominan dalam lemahnya penegakan hukum perlindungan konsumen dalam isu pangan berformalin terletak pada faktor masyarakat dan kebudayaan karena faktor ini sudah melembaga sejak lama dan untuk mengubah pola pikir dan perilaku serta budaya suatu masyarakat perlu waktu dan usaha yang tidak singkat sehingga strategi hukumnya harus mulai dibenahi dari sisi struktur hukumnya yaitu memperbaiki faktor penegak hukum dan sarananya terlebih dahulu baru kemudian secara perlahan-lahan faktor substansi dimantapkan dan strategi terakhir adalah menata faktor masyarakat dan kebudayaan. (F) Acuan : 47 (1958-2008) (G) Pembimbing Dr. Shidarta, S.H., M.Hum. (H) Penulis Prajna Wisakh
Lelang eksekusi hak tanggungan atas permohonan PT Wahana akibat wanprestasi perjanjian kredit antara PT Bapindo dan PT Bank Duta dengan PT Karya Saleh Bahana / oleh Prajna Wijaya
No full textabstrak A. Nama : Prajna Wijaya ( 205016028 ) B. Judul : Lelang Eksekusi Hak Tanggungan Atas Permohonan PT. Wahana Akibat Wanprestasi Perjanjian Kredit Antara PT. Bapindo Dan PT. Bank Duta Dengan PT. Karya Saleh Bahana C. Halaman : X + 68 + 213 + 2008 D. Kata Kunci : Lelang, Eksekusi Hak Tanggungan E. Isi : Lelang eksekusi hak tanggungan terjadi karena adanya hutang yang dilakukan oleh salah satu pihak (PT. Karya Saleh Bahana sebagai debitor) pada pihak lainnya (PT. Bapindo dan PT. Bank Duta sebagai kreditor) dengan berupa jaminan sebidang tanah dan bangunannya, selanjutnya kreditorpun mengalami beberapa perubahan karena kreditor awal telah mengalihkan piutangnya kepada kreditor-kreditor lainnya. Pemilik terakhir dari piutang tersebut diketahui adalah PT. Wahana (yang dahulu bernama PT. Wahana Purna Bina Karya). PT. Wahana memohon pengeksekusian hak tanggungan dengan cara lelang. Dalam pengeksekusian itu terjadi masalah, bahwa penjual dilarang menjadi pembeli karna telah terbukti melanggar Peraturan Menteri Keuangan No. 40/PMK. 07/2006 temtang Petunjuk Pelaksanaan Lelang, Pasal 49 Ayat (1) jo Peraturan Direktur Jenderal No. Per-02/PL/2006 tentang Teknis Pelaksanaan Lelang, Pasal 6. Dengan demikian, untuk menyelesaikan masalah tersebut maka perlu adanya permohonan pembatalan lelang eksekusi hak tanggungan tersebut. Permohonan pembatalan itu diajukan kepada Komisi Yudisial Republik Indonesia. F. Daftar Acuan : 21 (1986-2006) G. Pembimbing : Dr. Gunawan Djajaputra, S.H., M.H., S.S. H. Penulis : Prajna Wijay
Prajna: The Discernment of Direct Awareness Knowningness (Gnosis, Jnana)
Get PDFThis paper focuses on Prajna and the discernment of knowningness
Prajna: Towards Recognizing Whatever You Want from Images without Image Labeling
No full textWith the advances in distributed computation, machine learn-ing and deep neural networks, we enter into an era that it is possible to build a real world image recognition system. There are three essential components to build a real-world image recognition system: 1) creating representative features, 2) de-signing powerful learning approaches, and 3) identifying massive training data. While extensive researches have been done on the first two aspects, much less attention has been paid on the third. In this paper, we present an end-to-end Web knowledge discovery system, Prajna. Starting from an arbi-trary set of entities as inputs, Prajna automatically crawls im-ages from multiple sources, identifies images that have relia-bly labeled, trains models and build a recognition system that is capable of recognizing any new images of the entity set. Due to the high cost of manual data labeling, leveraging the massive yet noisy data on the Internet is a natural idea, but the practical engineering aspect is highly challenging. Prajna fo-cuses on separating reliable training data from extensive noisy data, which is a key to the capability of extending an image recognition system to support arbitrary entities. In this paper, we will analyze the intrinsic characteristics of Internet image data, and find ways to mine accurate and informative infor-mation from those data to build a training set, which is then used to train image recognition models. Prajna is capable of automatically building an image recognition system for those entities as long as we can collect sufficient number of images of the entities on the Web
A Rare Case of Meningitis: Can Cellulosimicrobium cellulans Cause Meningitis in a Non-immunocompromised Person?
Get PDF© Copyright 2024 Narayan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0., which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Infections with Gram-positive soil-dwelling bacterium are sporadic. Rarely, do patients with indwelling medical devices or those who suffer from immunosuppression get infected by this pathogen. However, based on routine clinical and laboratory procedures, it is hard to distinguish between the meningitis caused by and that from other bacteria. Here, we report a unique case of infection in a 37-year-old immunocompetent man presenting with meningitis associated with encephalopathy and headache. He presented with severe headaches, altered sensorium, reduced sleep, photophobia, and restlessness, with a feeling of impending doom, but with no neck rigidity and fever. Trans-axial T1 and T2/FLAIR head MRI showed diffused cerebral edema, with bilateral high frontoparietal sulcal enhancement, hyperintensity along the right posterior insula-temporal region, and left parietal deep white matter. Lumbar puncture CSF examination indicated bacterial meningitis, and was identified on culture. The patient was administered intravenous ceftriaxone for seven days and dexamethasone for three days. A follow-up lumbar puncture CSF examination showed no signs of the pathogen, indicating its eradication. To our knowledge, this is the first case of causing meningitis in an otherwise healthy man with no history of indwelling medical devices or immunosuppression. This rare case of meningitis suggests that can infect healthy humans and cause meningitis
Prajna: Towards Recognizing Whatever You Want From Images without Image Labeling
No full textAbstract With the advances in distributed computation, machine learning and deep neural networks, we enter into an era that it is possible to build a real world image recognition system. There are three essential components to build a real-world image recognition system: 1) creating representative features, 2) designing powerful learning approaches, and 3) identifying massive training data. While extensive researches have been done on the first two aspects, much less attention has been paid on the third. In this paper, we present an end-to-end Web knowledge discovery system, Prajna. Starting from an arbitrary set of entities as inputs, Prajna automatically crawls images from multiple sources, identifies images that have reliably labeled, trains models and build a recognition system that is capable of recognizing any new images of the entity set. Due to the high cost of manual data labeling, leveraging the massive yet noisy data on the Internet is a natural idea, but the practical engineering aspect is highly challenging. Prajna focuses on separating reliable training data from extensive noisy data, which is a key to the capability of extending an image recognition system to support arbitrary entities. In this paper, we will analyze the intrinsic characteristics of Internet image data, and find ways to mine accurate and informative information from those data to build a training set, which is then used to train image recognition models. Prajna is capable of automatically building an image recognition system for those entities as long as we can collect sufficient number of images of the entities on the Web
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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