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The EIA approach to Teacher Development
No full textThe purpose of this chapter is to provide a succinct high-level overview of the English in Action (EIA) approach to teacher development (TD), thereby supplying contextual information for subsequent chapters whilst highlighting some critical issues and challenges in the implementation of such an approach at scale. The first section touches upon the underpinning theories of teacher learning, previous work and guiding principles that all contributed to initial Programme design, illustrating how these were framed from the outset as a response to aspects of the global educational challenge outlined in Chapter 4. The second section illustrates how EIA implemented this approach in practice, with a brief summary of the roles and experiences of some of the key actors, as exemplifications of the ‘features of effective teacher development’ identified in Chapter 4. The third section considers the evolution of the EIA TD approach over the ten-year life of the project, examining both the anticipated and un- anticipated changes; it also considers how our conceptual understanding or ‘narrative’ of the approach has developed over time. The final section draws out the lessons learnt about the principles and practice of school-based, networked and technology-enhanced approaches to TD in LMICs, from the EIA experience, many of which signpost to subsequent chapters of the book
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Approaches to Teacher Professional Development in Low-to-Middle-Income Countries.
No full textThis chapter begins by situating discussion of approaches to teacher development (TD) in the context of the grand societal challenge of Education for All (UNESCO 2014), as written into the earlier Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and now Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4:‘to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education for all.’ This goal cannot be met without addressing the stark and urgent need for greater numbers of teachers who are adequately equipped with the knowledge and skills to enable effective student learning. Drawing upon personal experiences of work with teachers in LMICs over nearly two decades, the chapter argues against ‘blaming teachers’ for poor student learning outcomes, and advocates instead the development of better understandings of the often challenging contexts in which teachers practise. The chapter then critically examines common approaches to TD that have often failed adequately to equip teachers for classroom practice, outlining a broadly supported agenda for reform. Recent literature has begun to identify certain characteristics of TD programmes that are increasingly associated with effective student outcomes, in what may be an emerging consensus. These characteristics are briefly outlined, before the chapter closes with lessons learned from English in Action. EIA has both contributed to and benefitted from this emerging evidence base and Chapter 5 illustrates how the implementation of EIA exemplifies such characteristics through a cohesive programme design
Effecting Change Within and Across a National Education System
No full textEnglish In Action (EIA) consisted of two components: BBC Janala, a non-formal learning service for adults; and the EIA Teacher Development Programme for primary and secondary schools. Both components received multiple international awards for the innovative use of new pedagogies and technologies to improve the teaching and learning of English language in Bangladesh and the programme as a whole was considered by the U.K.'s Department for International Development to be one of its 'flagship projects', and one had made a 'positive impact' on the quality of English language learning in government schools. This book is about the EIA schools component, which was widely judged to be one of the most successful large-scale teacher development projects in low to middle income countries, reaching 43,000 primary teachers (21% of the workforce), 11,000 secondary teachers and over 7 million schoolchildren across Bangladesh. The purpose of this book is to provide a detailed, analytical and critical account of the EIA teacher development programme, setting out lessons learned during the 10 years of implementation from 2008-18
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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