1,720,960 research outputs found
Role of Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) in Liver Injury and Regeneration following Acetaminophen Overdose
Get PDFAcetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the major cause of Acute Liver Failure (ALF) in the Western world. Treatment options for APAP-induced ALF are limited. Studies have shown that stimulating liver regeneration could be a potential treatment for ALF after APAP overdose. However, the mechanisms of liver regeneration after APAP overdose are not completely understood, which is the focus of research in our laboratory. We investigated the role of Yes-associated protein (YAP), the downstream co-activator of Hippo Signaling Pathway, in liver injury and regeneration following APAP overdose. Previous studies have shown that YAP is involved in stimulation of hepatocyte proliferation during postnatal liver growth, regeneration after partial hepatectomy and during liver cancer pathogenesis. Treatment of two-three month old C57BL/6J male mice with 300 mg/kg APAP (APAP 300) resulted in significant liver injury and regeneration over a time course of 0 to 96 hr. Increased activation of YAP was observed during initial time points (3, 6 and 12 hr) after APAP administration which coincided with both injury and regeneration. To determine whether YAP activation plays a role in injury or regeneration, we generated hepatocyte specific YAP knockout mice (hYAP-KO) by treating two-three month old male YAP-floxed mice with AAV8.TGB.Cre. Hepatocyte specific deletion of YAP neither caused liver injury, nor did it change hepatic CYP2E1 expression and hepatic glutathione (GSH) levels. Consistent with these data, no difference in APAP-protein adducts was observed between control and hYAP-KO mice after APAP treatment. Liver injury measured by serum ALT and histopathology showed extensive and similar liver injury up to 12 hr after APAP treatment in both control and hYAP-KO mice. However, the progression of the liver injury beyond 12 hr after APAP administration was significantly lower in hYAP-KO mice as compared to control mice. The decrease in progression of liver injury was accompanied with an earlier decrease in JNK activation and faster GSH recovery. Additionally, the hYAP-KO mice showed an early induction of proliferative markers demonstrating early liver regeneration as compared to the control mice. These data indicate that hepatocyte specific activation of YAP may be involved in progression of liver injury. Linked to that, hepatocytes specific deletion of YAP results in earlier onset of regeneration after APAP overdose. These findings indicate a differential role of YAP in APAP overdose and highlight YAP as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of APAP-induced ALF
Adolescent pregnancy in South Asia: A pooled analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys
Get PDFSouth Asia has the second largest burden (after Sub-Saharan Africa) of adolescent pregnancy in the world with enormous health and social implications. The main aim of this thesis was to determine the factors associated with adolescent pregnancy in South Asia. Specifically, this thesis reviewed existing literature on adolescent pregnancy in South Asia, and statistically analysed and examined its associated factors using the most recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data of six South Asian countries.
Chapter 3 identifies the factors associated with adolescent pregnancy in South Asia through a systematic review of existing literature performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Four databases were searched including EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus databases. The review reported that the most common factors associated with adolescent pregnancy in South Asia were low education attainment, poor economic status, rural residence, belonging to ethnic minorities and Muslim religious background.
Chapter 4 examined the factors associated with adolescent pregnancy in South Asia through a pooled analysis of Demographic and Health Survey data of six South Asian countries including Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Nepal, and Pakistan. Multivariable analysis found lower socioeconomic status, male headed household, increasing maternal age, low exposure to newspaper and low family planning awareness through newspaper were significantly associated with adolescent pregnancy in South Asia. The use or intention to use contraceptives were found to be protective against adolescent pregnancy.
In summary, this study provides a rigorous understanding of the factors associated with adolescent pregnancy in South Asia. Policies and recommendations for future research should focus on prevention strategies which considers the socioeconomic influences predisposing adolescents to pregnancy
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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