1,721,007 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Exploring executive functions in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder using event related potentials
No full textAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurobehavioral disorder that affects individuals in early childhood and is characterized by cognitive impairments associated with executive functioning. However, the exact nature of the impairment(s) is/are unclear. In a recent meta-analysis, Miyake, Friedman, Emerson, Witzki, Howerter, and Wager (2000) demonstrated that there are at least three separable frontal executive functions: set switching, working memory updating, and response inhibition. Here we used event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate whether the cognitive impairments seen in ADHD are specific to one of these executive functions or rather represent a global executive functioning deficiency. The current studies examined the time course and scalp localization of executive functions in Combined Type ADHD and in comparison control children by implementing modified versions of three executive tasks used by Miyake et al. (2000), local-global, tone-monitoring, and Stroop; versions more appropriate for the ADHD population. An additional non-executive task (visual oddball) was included in order to demonstrate that the deficits in ADHD are specific to executive functioning. The goal was to determine if children with ADHD perform differently on these three executive tasks and if this difference can be attributed to a deficit associated with one or more of the executive functions. The current findings show that ADHD impacts only a subset of cognitive operations in the executive functions, leaving the other ERPs in the executive tasks and the visual oddball unaffected. Specifically, the ADHD group was impaired on tasks involving allocation of attention and response inhibition, the cognitive operations most closely related to the diagnostic criteria for this subtype of ADHD. These findings may extend our knowledge of the time course and localization of executive functions and provide a tool for studying the nature of disrupted executive functioning in ADHD
Impulsivity and neural systems of rewards
No full textBehavioral studies of decision-making in impulsive individuals demonstrate biases for immediate rewards. Decision-making includes evaluating motivational values of both options and actions. In the current studies, event related potentials (ERPs) and functional magnetic imaging (fMRI) were used to assess the temporal and spatial properties of the ventral tegmental (VTA) dopamine (DA) reward system during item evaluation and action/outcome-monitoring in impulsivity. A passive reward evaluation and an active action/outcome-monitoring task were used to test a model predicting that dysregulation of the VTA DA reward system leads to overestimations of reward value in the prefrontal cortex and underestimations of punishments in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) during reward evaluation and action/outcome-monitoring respectively. Passive reward evaluation ERP results showed a prefrontal P2a ERP index of reward expectation that did not differ with impulsivity. FMRI reward evaluation results indicated that the basal ganglia and left superior frontal cortex were sensitive to rewarding outcomes, whereas the medial ACC was sensitive to non-rewarding outcomes. Left superior frontal cortex fMRI activation showed greater differentiation between better than expected and worse than expected outcomes among high impulsive participants. Action/outcome-monitoring ERP results showed an ERN ERP index the ACC in the action/outcome-monitoring with the greatest response on error trials that led to punishments. The ERN was also larger among high impulsives, compared to the low impulsives, when errors led to missed rewards. The fMRI results showed that the basal ganglia responded like the ERN to errors resulting in punishments. The ACC and right middle frontal regions showed greater activation to correct responses, and a right ACC region showed larger activations when correct responses led to rewards. However, these activations did not differ with impulsivity. In conclusion, the current results suggest differential responsiveness of the mesotelencephalic reward system in impulsive individuals which may lead to reward hypersensitivity but not punishment hyposensitivity during item evaluation and action/outcome-monitoring among high impulsive participants, as seen in the left superior frontal fMRI activation during item evaluation and in the ACC ERP activity during outcome-monitoring. Differences between the ERP and fMRI results may reflect the different physiological processes that give rise to the signals
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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