1,721,160 research outputs found
New social mobility:Pioneers and their potentials for change
No full textThis chapter discusses the wider societal and theoretical implications of the empirical outcomes presented in the previous chapters. It highlights the importance of what has been described as the ‘multiplier effect’ whereby social climbers accumulate relevant social and cultural capital step-by-step to compensate for the lack of directly useful resources in their families. It revisits some of the other central theoretical frameworks referred to in this book, such as Bourdieu’s capital theory and the integration context theory. The empirical chapters emphasize the importance of social and cultural capital, but not as it is set out in Bourdieu’s reproduction theory. In this book, these forms of capital, mostly acquired along the way, help to explain the extraordinary social mobility of this pioneering group. The integration context theory, originally developed to aid understanding of educational careers, also proved to be of use when trying to understand labour market careers in specific professional sectors. It underlines the importance of gatekeepers and national or context specific arrangements in certain professional fields which together produce the particular types of pathways in this study. We further describe some of the paradoxes that especially characterize the situation of social mobility pioneers from immigrant families. In addition to the well-known ‘integration paradox’, the authors identify a ‘meritocratic paradox’, a ‘discrimination paradox’, a ‘social and cultural capital paradox’ and an ‘ethnic capital paradox’ that all originate in a social setup in which (a) the population of ‘migrant background’ continues to be widely seen as ‘different’ and ‘Other’ to the imagined National Self, and (b) socially upwardly mobile individuals still represent a small minority in many leading professional fields. The chapter ends by underlining the potential that societies miss out on by not taking more active steps to incorporate the native-born ‘second generation’. It summarizes what we believe is new about New Social Mobility as compared to similar processes among young working-class people without a migration background.</p
Producing pathways to success:New perspectives on social mobility
No full textThis chapter sketches the state of the debate on the roles and positions of native-born children of immigrants in European countries more than half a century after the transformation of these countries into immigration societies. It focusses on the social mechanisms, potentials and effects of the increasing number of socially upwardly mobile offspring of immigrant working-class families – and the lacunae in research on them. We introduce some of the central theoretical concepts that have informed the diverse research projects within the Pathways to Success consortium and the empirical comparisons throughout this book. We describe and justify why we talk about new social mobilities in light of the extraordinary nature of this group’s social mobility. Many of the social climbers’ parents, recruited as part of ‘guest worker’ schemes, had attained levels of formal education well below the average of non-immigrant workers’ families. But having taken the risk of migrating to another country, these parents also transmitted high levels of ambition and expectations to their children. In addition to individual characteristics, we emphasize the importance of institutional arrangements by making use of the integration context theory, which offers an important framework for understanding the opportunities and obstacles put in place by educational and labour market systems and specific professional sectors.</p
Replication Data for: A Predictor-Corrector-Scheme for the Geometry Planning for In-Operation-Reconfiguration of Cable-Driven Parallel Robots
No full textMeasurement data to reproduce the absolute and repeatability precision before and after the reconfiguration process.
The dataset contains the folder with the data in reference configuration ( /predictor_corrector_scheme_data/reference_config/) and the data in the reconfigured configuration (/predictor_corrector_scheme_data/referencer_config/). For all measurements, the absolute position of the platform was measured by a Faro Vantage E6 laser tracker.
The txt-files contain seven columns, whereas the first three columns contain the absolute coordinates, measured in the laser tracker's coordinate system. The first column contains the x-coordinate, second column the y-coordinate and third column the z-coordinate, respectively.
The other four columns are not of interest.
Additionally, before the precision can be assessed, the coordinates have to be transformed to the robot's coordinate system and the offset between the laser tracker target and the center of the platform's coordinate system has to be compensated. For this purpose, the difference between the laser tracker and the robot's coordinate system is given in "coordinate_origin.txt" and the orientation difference in terms of the rotation matrix in "rotation_matrix.txt" as well as the laser tracker target offset, which has to be added to the measured values, in "target_offset.txt".
The calculation of the precision was performed according to ISO 9283, which is also mentioned in the corresponding paper
Critical transitions in migration studies: Comparative Migration Studies’ 10thanniversary issue
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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