5 research outputs found
Configuring Therapeutic Aspects of Immune Checkpoints in Lung Cancer
No full textImmune checkpoints are unique components of the body’s defense mechanism that safeguard the body from immune responses that are potent enough to harm healthy body cells. When proteins present on the surface of T cells recognize and bind to the proteins present on other tumor cells, immune checkpoints are triggered. These proteins are called immunological checkpoints. The T cells receive an on/off signal when the checkpoints interact with companion proteins. This might avert the host’s immune system from eliminating cancer cells. The standard care plan for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been revolutionized with the use of drugs targeting immune checkpoints, in particular programmed cell death protein 1. These drugs are now extended for their potential to manage SCLC. However, it is acknowledged that these drugs have specific immune related adverse effects. Herein, we discuss the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with NSCLC and SCLC, their outcomes, and future perspectives
Regulatory insights into nanomedicine and gene vaccine innovation : Safety assessment, challenges, and regulatory perspectives
No full textPublisher Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s)Peer reviewe
Current status of Cancer Nanotheranostics: Emerging strategies for cancer management
No full textCancer diagnosis and management have been a slow-evolving area in medical science. Conventional therapies have by far proved to have various limitations. Also, the concept of immunotherapy which was thought to revolutionize the management of cancer has presented its range of drawbacks. To overcome these limitations nanoparticulate-derived diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are emerging. These nanomaterials are to be explored as they serve as a prospect for cancer theranostics. Nanoparticles have a significant yet unclear role in screening as well as therapy of cancer. However, nanogels and Photodynamic therapy is one such approach to be developed in cancer theranostics. Photoactive cancer theranostics is a vivid area that might prove to help manage cancer. Also, the utilization of the quantum dots as a diagnostic tool and to selectively kill cancer cells, especially in CNS tumors. Additionally, the redox-sensitive micelles targeting the tumor microenvironment of the cancer are also an important theranostic tool. This review focuses on exploring various agents that are currently being studied or can further be studied as cancer theranostics
Epigenetics in Tuberculosis: Immunomodulation of Host Immune Response
No full textTuberculosis is a stern, difficult to treat chronic infection caused by acid-fast bacilli that tend to take a long time to be eradicated from the host’s environment. It requires the action of both innate and adaptive immune systems by the host. There are various pattern recognition receptors present on immune cells, which recognize foreign pathogens or its product and trigger the immune response. The epigenetic modification plays a crucial role in triggering the susceptibility of the host towards the pathogen and activating the host’s immune system against the invading pathogen. It alters the gene expression modifying the genetic material of the host’s cell. Epigenetic modification such as histone acetylation, alteration in non-coding RNA, DNA methylation and alteration in miRNA has been studied for their influence on the pathophysiology of tuberculosis to control the spread of infection. Despite several studies being conducted, many gaps still exist. Herein, we discuss the immunopathophysiological mechanism of tuberculosis, the essentials of epigenetics and the recent encroachment of epigenetics in the field of tuberculosis and its influence on the outcome and pathophysiology of the infection
Role of the extracellular matrix in cancer: insights into tumor progression and therapy
No full textThe extracellular matrix (ECM) serves not only as a structural scaffold but also as an active regulator of cancer progression, profoundly influencing tumor behaviour and the tumor microenvironment (TME). This review focuses into the pivotal role of ECM alterations in facilitating tumor metastasis and explores therapeutic strategies aimed at counteracting these changes. We analyse targeted interventions against collagen, including approaches to inhibit its biosynthesis and disrupt associated signalling pathways critical for tumor architecture and cell migration. Additionally, therapies addressing hyaluronan are reviewed, highlighting methods to suppress its synthesis and enzymatic strategies to degrade it, thereby mitigating its tumor-promoting effects. The discussion extends to innovative approaches for modulating ECM stiffness, focusing on the roles of cancer-associated fibroblasts and lysyl oxidases, which are key contributors to ECM remodelling and mechanical signalling. By strategically modifying these ECM components, these interventions aim to enhance the efficacy of existing cancer treatments, tackle resistance mechanisms, and achieve more durable therapeutic outcomes. Insights from recent studies and clinical trials highlight the promise of these strategies in overcoming treatment resistance and improving patient outcomes. Advancing our understanding of ECM biology leads to the development of innovative and more effective cancer therapies.<br/
