1,721,012 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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Bentham and the common law tradition /
No full textThis text offers a philosophical interpretation of the historical debate between Bentham and classical Common Law theory, a debate that is fundamental to philosophical thought and has shaped contemporary conceptions of nature, tasks and limits of law and adjudication. The author draws on the full range of Bentham's published and unpublished writings, and explores the philosophical foundations of Common Law theory, focusing particularly on the writings of Sir Matthew Hale and David Hume
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Bias Crime Statutes: A Qualified Liberal Defense
Full text linkSince American legislatures began passing bias crime statutes (which set more severe penalties for crimes committed from biased motives) in the 1980s, many legal philosophers have argued that such statutes are unjust on the grounds that they punish character traits and feelings rather than actions and intentions. It is unjust to punish character traits and feelings, these authors have supposed, because character traits and feelings are not under agents' direct autonomous control. I argue that while it is unjust for governments to punish feelings and character traits, not all bias elements of crimes are feelings or character traits. Rather, some bias elements of crimes are intentions. I urge that in cases of biased crime in which the bias element in play is an intention, governments may punish the crime more severely than parallel non-biased crimes without violating the requirement not to punish what is not under agents' direct autonomous control
Mill's epistemic liberalism
Full text linkIn this dissertation, I explore the shape of John Stuart Mill's political thought in light of his attention to the epistemic quality of social and political arrangements. Specifically, I argue that his classic essay On Liberty can be properly understood only by giving a central place to two key epistemic considerations. First, he is concerned to maintain the social and political conditions that make possible the improvement of our understanding - the conditions required for discussion and experience. Social progress is, to Mill's mind, largely a function of intellectual progress, which is therefore at the core of his political designs, including in On Liberty. Second, Mill is concerned to organize society as well as possible in the here and now toward the achievement of the general good - and a chief element of the organizational part of his political designs is to give expression to the best available expertise on social and political matters. Appreciating the relationship between the progressive and organizational elements of his view allows us to come to a more satisfactory understanding of the liberty (or harm) principle as a part of the argument of On Liberty. As will be become clear in later chapters, on the interpretation I prefer: (1) the main argument of On Liberty is an argument about the conditions required for social progress, which is driven to a great extent by intellectual progress; (2) within those progressive conditions, Mill justifies his liberty principle - according to which social interference can be warranted only with regard to harm to others - as an organizational principle designed to give expression to expertise in decision-making
Mercy and criminal justice
Full text linkThis dissertation analyzes criminal justice from the perspective of non-ideal theory. In the first half of the dissertation, I propose a new understanding of mercy as a moral response to injustice within existing criminal justice systems. In the second half, I argue that certain expressions of blame are an injustice plaguing most criminal justice systems. In short, I am highlighting a new type of injustice and suggesting a new mode of response to injustice. In my analysis of mercy in Part I, I distinguish between two concepts of mercy in Western political thought: negative mercy and positive mercy. To grant negative mercy is to compassionately spare someone from harsh treatment that she deserves. To grant positive mercy is to respond to someone justly when unjust social rules call for a harsher response. Following Seneca and departing from most contemporary philosophical literature, I focus on the concept of positive mercy. I argue that officials within criminal justice systems have moral reason to exercise positive mercy and that most political communities have moral reason to incorporate a general practice of positive mercy into their criminal justice systems. I argue that judges who exercise positive mercy are not impermissibly derogating from rules in service of personal feelings, but are rather serving the rule of law and fulfilling their obligation to support just institutions. In my analysis of blame in Part II, I identify a species of blame that I call abrasive blame: the expression of attitudes meant to hurt a person because she did something wrong. The political community expresses abrasive blame to criminal offenders through the organ of the criminal justice system. Although I argue that this abrasive blame is permissible under certain conditions, the justification is fragile at best. I argue that it is unfair for the political community to abrasively blame battered offenders and fragile offenders. I raise a red flag about abrasive blame toward these offenders; I do not argue that it is necessarily wrong to punish them. I suggest that in some cases, the exercise of positive mercy might be the political community's best response to these offenders
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