1,720,956 research outputs found
Functional analysis of NKX3.1 in LNCaP prostate cancer cells by RNA interference
No full textThe function of the androgen-regulated homeobox protein NKX3.1 in prostate cancer is controversial. NKX3.1 is necessary for correct prostate development and undergoes frequent allelic loss in prostate cancer. However, no mutations occur in the coding region and some particularly aggressive cancers over-express the protein. Nevertheless NKX3.1 is often referred to as candidate tumor suppressor gene. Recent findings suggest a function in protection against oxidative damage involved in prostate carcinogenesis. Thus NKX3.1 may act differently at various stages of prostate cancer. Unlike a classical tumor suppressor NKX3.1 is up-regulated by androgens and down-regulated by phytoestrogens. In this study we performed RNAi based functional analysis by knocking down NKX3.1 expression in LNCaP prostate cancer cells and analyzing the impact of NKX3.1 on gene expression and cell proliferation. Knockdown of NKX3.1 evoked a massive down-regulation of NKX3.1 expression, followed by reduction in mRNA expression of the androdrogen receptor (AR) and the insulinlike growth factor receptor (IGF-1R). Western blot analysis showed strong decreases of NKX3.1, AR, and IGF-1R protein expression. Concomitantly, cell proliferation decreased and expression of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) mRNA and its secretion were diminished, whereas expression of IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) and MMP tissue inhibitor 3 (TIMP-3) was up-regulated. In tumor cells not deprived of NKX3.1 expression this gene still has a function which might differ from its role in prostate development and carcinogenesis. NKX3.1 knock-down altered the expression of genes highly relevant in prostate cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. In LNCaP NKX3.1 most probably plays the role of an androgenregulated transcription factor whose down-regulation is paralleled by anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects. Since NKX3.1 can regulate AR expression it may become a target for interference in hormone refractory prostate carcinoma
Functional analysis of NKX3.1 in LNCaP prostate cancer cells by RNA interference
No full textThe function of the androgen-regulated homeobox protein NKX3.1 in prostate cancer is controversial. NKX3.1 is necessary for correct prostate development and undergoes frequent allelic loss in prostate cancer. However, no mutations occur in the coding region and some particularly aggressive cancers over-express the protein. Nevertheless NKX3.1 is often referred to as candidate tumor suppressor gene. Recent findings suggest a function in protection against oxidative damage involved in prostate carcinogenesis. Thus NKX3.1 may act differently at various stages of prostate cancer. Unlike a classical tumor suppressor NKX3.1 is up-regulated by androgens and down-regulated by phytoestrogens. In this study we performed RNAi based functional analysis by knocking down NKX3.1 expression in LNCaP prostate cancer cells and analyzing the impact of NKX3.1 on gene expression and cell proliferation. Knockdown of NKX3.1 evoked a massive down-regulation of NKX3.1 expression, followed by reduction in mRNA expression of the androdrogen receptor (AR) and the insulinlike growth factor receptor (IGF-1R). Western blot analysis showed strong decreases of NKX3.1, AR, and IGF-1R protein expression. Concomitantly, cell proliferation decreased and expression of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) mRNA and its secretion were diminished, whereas expression of IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) and MMP tissue inhibitor 3 (TIMP-3) was up-regulated. In tumor cells not deprived of NKX3.1 expression this gene still has a function which might differ from its role in prostate development and carcinogenesis. NKX3.1 knock-down altered the expression of genes highly relevant in prostate cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis. In LNCaP NKX3.1 most probably plays the role of an androgenregulated transcription factor whose down-regulation is paralleled by anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects. Since NKX3.1 can regulate AR expression it may become a target for interference in hormone refractory prostate carcinoma
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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