1,720,962 research outputs found
Die Wirkung physikalischen Plasmas auf die Hämostase und Physiologie des Thrombozyten in humanem Vollblut
Full text linkIm Jahr 2020 wurden die 50-häufigsten Operationen insgesamt 15.823.464-mal durchgeführt und das entspricht rechnerisch ca. einer Operation auf fünf Einwohnern in Deutschland. Bei jeder dieser Operationen ist die Blutungsstillung eine therapeutische Notwendigkeit. Intraoperativ wird dafür häufig die Elektrokauterisierung verwendet, die aber mit einem Risiko der Nachblutung, Perforation und Gewebezerstörung einhergeht. Eine neue Variante zum Blutungsmanagement kann kaltes physikalisches Plasma (Gas-Plasma) darstellen. Dies ist ein energiereiches Gas, welches durch verschiedene Mechanismen, wie Temperatur, angeregte chemische Spezies, UV- und Wärmestrahlung, wechselwirkt. Es wurden in-vitro Untersuchungen an menschlichem Blut durchgeführt, um einen Wirkungsmechanismus von Gas-Plasma zu demaskieren.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde festgestellt, dass ein Großteil der Thrombozytenaktivierung durch Gas-Plasma (ca. 55 %) auf eine Lyse der Erythrozyten zurückzuführen ist. Die Hämolyse wurde spektroskopisch nachgewiesen und in Abhängigkeit von der Behandlungszeit quantifiziert. Die Thrombozyten reagieren mit einer PI3K/Akt/p38-vermittelten Signalkaskade, welche schließlich zu deren Aktivierung führt. Bei der Signaltransduktion wurde eine Bedeutung von intrazellulären ROS und eine Hyperpolarisation der Mitochondrien der Thrombozyten festgestellt. Die Signaltransduktion kann über den Einfluss von ADP auf den P2Y12-Rezeptor erklärt werden. Es wurde ein auf künstliche Intelligenz basierender Auswertungsalgorithmus angewandt, welcher den Nachweis von vermehrten Thrombozytenaggregaten nach Applikation von Gas-Plasma erbrachte. Gas-Plasma wirkt über eine Vielzahl an reaktiven Spezies und ein alleiniger Einfluss von Wasserstoffperoxid, hypochloriger Säure und Superoxidanionen scheint unwahrscheinlich. Die Erklärung der Hämolyse wurde auf Singulett-Sauerstoff und Ozon zurückgeführt. Daneben kann NO direkt auf Thrombozyten wirken. Es wurde die erste Messung der oberflächlichen Temperatur einer Flüssigkeit bei Behandlung mit Gas-Plasma vollzogen. Dabei wurde eine geringe Änderung der Temperatur festgestellt. Weiterhin wurde der Einfluss der Evaporation als gering gewertet. Da die Anwendung von Gas-Plasma körpereigene Gerinnungsmechanismen beschleunigt, desinfizierend wirkt und nebenwirkungsarm ist, besitzt Gas-Plasma großes klinisches Potential im Bereich der chirurgischen Blutgerinnung.In 2020, the 50 most common surgeries were performed a total of 15,823,464 times, which corresponds to approximately one operation for every five inhabitants in Germany. In each of these operations, hemostasis is a therapeutic requirement. Intraoperatively, electrocauterization is often used for this purpose, but this is associated with a risk of secondary bleeding, perforation, and tissue destruction. Cold physical plasma (gas plasma) can represent a new variant for hemorrhage management. This is an energetic gas that interacts through various mechanisms such as temperature, reactive chemical species, UV, and thermal radiation. In vitro studies were performed on human whole blood to identify a mechanism of action of gas plasma.
In the present study, it was found that the majority of platelet activation by gas plasma (approx. 55 %) is due to hemolysis. The hemolysis was detected spectroscopically and quantified for different treatment times. The platelets respond with a PI3K/Akt/p38-mediated signaling cascade, which ultimately leads to their activation. Significance of intracellular ROS and hyperpolarization of platelet mitochondria was found during signal transduction. The signaling cascade can be explained by the influence of ADP on the P2Y12 receptor. An evaluation algorithm based on artificial intelligence was used, which demonstrated increased platelet aggregates after application of gas plasma. Gas plasma acts via a variety of reactive species and long-lived species such as hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorous acid and superoxide anions appear to contribute only slightly to the gas plasma effect. The explanation of hemolysis has been attributed to singlet oxygen and ozone. In addition, NO can act directly on platelets. The first measurement of the surface temperature of a liquid during treatment with gas plasma was carried out. A minor change in temperature was detected. Evaporation during gas plasma treatment was quantified. As the use of gas plasma accelerates the body's own coagulation mechanisms, has a disinfectant property and only few side effects are known, gas plasma has a high clinical potential in the field of surgical blood coagulation
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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