1,720,961 research outputs found
Electrodermal Activity: What it can Contribute to the Assessment of the Autonomic Nervous System
No full textAbout 70 million people worldwide are affected by dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). These dysfunctions can lead to life-threatening conditions, because ANS controls vital functions like heart rate, digestion, respiration, among others. Spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) allows noninvasive assessment of the ANS. However, the low frequencies (0.04-0.15 Hz) of HRV are influenced by the two complementary branches of the ANS, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems; hence, the spectral analysis cannot separate the dynamics of these autonomic tones. Developing reliable noninvasive techniques for assessment of the ANS dynamics remains a challenge for scientists. Recently, measure of electrodermal activity (EDA) has gained popularity for ANS assessment. EDA signal represents the changes of conductance in the skin, produced by purely sympathetic innervation of sweat glands. Time-domain measures of EDA, such as the skin conductance level (SCL) and skin conductance responses (SCR), are correlated to the sympathetic control, but they lack of consistency. Surprisingly, EDA has been analyzed only in time domain. In this work, using a frequency domain measure via the spectral analysis, we established for the first time that frequency bands of the sympathetic tone in EDA is mostly confined to the 0.045-0.25 Hz range. We termed this power the EDASymp. Furthermore, utilizing a high-resolution time-varying approach we found that the frequency band of 0.08-0.24 Hz is most responsive to sympathetic tone, which we termed, the TVSymp. The EDASymp and TVSymp are more sensitive and consistent discriminators of orthostatic, physical and cognitive stress than time-domain measures of EDA and can quantitatively assess the sympathetic function. Moreover, we found that the sympathetic tone in EDA dynamically changes to higher frequencies when subjects exercise. This result can be useful for adjusting the bounds of HRV when heart rate increases. Currently, the same frequency bounds for the ANS for resting and exercise conditions have been used. Another application of EDA is monitoring of sleep deprivation. Using 24-hour sleep deprivation experiments, we found that high-frequencies (SCR) of EDA relate to vigilance whereas low-frequencies (SCL) relate to reactiveness. Based on these results, we found that EDA could potentially be used to assist in prevention of fatigue and stress which are the direct and dire consequences of prolonged wakefulness. As a final aim of my dissertation work, evaluations of novel dry carbon/salt/adhesive (CSA) electrodes for obtaining electrocardiogram, surface electromyogram and EDA were investigated. We found non-statistical difference between the carbon/salt/adhesive electrodes for the above mentioned applications when the electrodes were compared to the gold standard silver/silver chloride electrodes. Moreover, it was found that carbon electrodes exhibited better response to noise and motion artifacts when compared to hydrogel Ag/AgCl electrodes. Hence, we concluded that CSA electrodes can be reliably used as a surrogate of the Ag/AgCl electrodes along with the advantage of being more cost effective alternative as they have longer shelf-life
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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