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Caracterización de la relación entre la justicia y el perdón en el marco de desacuerdo entre pares: una mirada desde la perspectiva de la víctima
Get PDFCuando las personas son víctimas de una trasgresión hay múltiples reacciones posibles, entre ellas vengarse o perdonar. La exposición a violencia se asocia con la consideración que la venganza es moralmente correcta, al parecer, como una forma de alcanzar justicia. Sin embargo hay posturas opuestas acerca de lo que ocurre con la noción de justicia cuando se decide perdonar. El objetivo del presente estudio fue caracterizar la relación existente entre la justicia y el perdón en el marco de desacuerdo entre pares. La muestra fueron 94 adolescentes entre 15 y 16 años, estudiantes de 4 colegios ubicados en diferentes zonas de Bogotá. Se les pidió narrar una historia de perdón y una de no perdón, se hicieron unas preguntas posteriores y se aplicó My ETV. Los análisis fueron conducidos sobre cada medida de contenido en la narrativa por situación (perdón- no perdón), género, colegio y orden, con situación como medida repetida. Análisis Multivariados de Varianza (MANOVAs) fueron hechos para la presencia, relevancia y contenidos de cada uno de los elementos. Correlaciones posteriores usaron el estadístico de Spearman. Los resultados muestran que hay diferencias en la relevancia y contenido de elementos entre las historias de perdón y no perdón. Además, se encuentra que la justicia tiene una relación positiva con el perdón: se asocia con sus componentes cognitivos y conductuales pero no con el cambio emocional. Las resoluciones son el punto donde convergen la justicia, el perdón y la exposición a violencia.Abstract. When people are victims of a transgression, there are multiple possible responses, including revenge or forgive. Exposure to violence is associated with the consideration that revenge is morally right, apparently as a way to achieve justice. However, there are conflicting views about what happens to the notion of justice when deciding to forgive. The aim of this study was to characterize the relationship between justice and forgiveness in the context of a peer disagreement. The narratives came from 94 adolescents between 15 and 16 years all students from 4 schools located in different areas of Bogotá. They were asked to tell a story of forgiveness and non- forgiveness, to respond subsequent questions and it was applied a ¨My ETV¨ test. The analyses were conducted on each element of the narrative considering gender, school, the order, and the situation (forgiveness and the non-forgiveness) with a repeated measures perspective. The Analysis of Multiple Variables (MANOVA) was made to establish the presence, content and relevance of each of the elements. Later correlations used the Spearman statistic as well. The results showed that there are differences in the relevance and content of elements between the stories of forgiveness and no forgiveness. In addition, it was found that the justice has a positive relationship with forgiveness: it is associated with cognitive and behavioral components but not the emotional change. The resolutions are a converging point for justice, forgiveness and exposure to violence.Maestrí
Relación entre exposición a violencia y la interpretación de situaciones de desacuerdo entre pares: El papel de las emociones sobre la decisión de perdonar
Get PDFEl objetivo de esta investigación es explorar si existen relaciones entre la exposición a violencia experimentada por un grupo de adolescentes bogotanos y los elementos emocionales considerados al perdonar o no una situación de desacuerdo entre pares. Se solicitó a 95 adolescentes, 48 hombres y 47 mujeres con promedio de edad de 15,5 años (SD= .78) que relataran dos situaciones de desacuerdo u ofensa, una en la que perdonaron y otra en la que no. Se analizaron las siguientes consideraciones: acto lastimador reportado, juicio con respecto a dicho acto, justificación del juicio, emociones de la víctima, emociones e intenciones del victimario, acciones de reparación o excusas llevadas a cabo por el victimario, razones para perdonar/no perdonar y cambio emocional. Estas consideraciones fueron contrastadas con reportes de exposición a violencia recolectadas a través del cuestionario MyETV. Las situaciones de perdón y no perdón sólo variaron en las consideraciones con respecto a las intenciones del victimario, las razones para perdonar, los actos de reparación o excusas y el cambio emocional. Análisis bivariados y multivariados (ACM y Análisis de clústeres) mostraron que los niveles de exposición a violencia están relacionados con la determinación de emociones e intenciones del victimario, así como en el reporte de cambio emocional. Se discute sobre la complejidad de la integración de las emociones en el razonamiento sobre situaciones de desacuerdo.Abstract: The objective of this research is to explore if there are relationships between the exposure to violence experienced by a group of adolescents from Bogotá and the emotional elements considered when a situation of disagreement between peers is forgiven or not. A total of 95 adolescents, 48 men and 47 women with an average age of 15.5 years (SD = .779) were asked to report two situations of disagreement, one in which they pardoned and one in which they did not. The following considerations were analyzed: reported injurious act, judgment regarding said act, justification of the trial, emotions of the victim, emotions and intentions of the perpetrator, reparation actions carried out by the perpetrator, reasons to forgive / not forgive and emotional change. These considerations were contrasted with reports of exposure to violence collected through the MyETV questionnaire. The situations of forgiveness and non-forgiveness only varied in the considerations regarding the perpetrator's intentions, the reasons for forgiveness, the acts of reparation and the emotional change. Bivariate and multivariate analyzes (ACM and Cluster Analysis) showed that the levels of exposure to violence are related to the determination of the aggressor's emotions and intentions, as well as in the report of emotional change. The complexity of the integration of emotions in reasoning about situations of disagreement is discussed.Maestrí
The construction of morality before language: influence of attachment security on differences of morally oriented interactions
No full textilustracionesEl presente estudio buscó explorar aspectos relevantes en la génesis, construcción y expresión del conocimiento moral en edades previas a las reportadas por la teoría de dominios del conocimiento social. Se exploraron relaciones entre el vínculo de apego y lo que aquí se nominó como, conductas moralmente orientadas. Se observaron 61 diadas mamá - bebé (de 18 a 24 meses de edad) para puntuar con ayuda del AQS y el MBQS la seguridad en el apego y la sensibilidad materna. Posteriormente se analizó si tales puntajes se relacionaban con manifestaciones comportamentales de la diada frente a situaciones hipotéticas con características socio-morales, así como con expresiones verbales maternas relacionadas a lo moral. Esto, en el marco de una tarea de invención de una historia a partir de imágenes. Los resultados muestran que hay correlaciones significativas entre las variables del apego y la conducta moralmente orientada de procurar aliviar al personaje de la historia rho(59)= .369, p=.001, lo que sugiere la relación entre el vínculo y algunos comportamientos asociados a lo moral. Adicionalmente, se encontraron relaciones entre comportamientos maternos que se consideraron de andamiaje para el conocimiento social y las conductas moralmente orientadas observadas rho(59)= .339, p=.001 (con expresión negativa) rho(59)= .260, p=.005 (con comportamientos autorreferentes). No hubo relación entre las variables del vínculo y los comportamientos maternos, ni con el lenguaje de las madres. No se encontró relación con las demás conductas moralmente orientadas observadas. Los datos indican que la relación entre el vínculo y las conductas moralmente orientadas observadas es parcial pues se da solamente con algunos comportamientos y en circunstancias específicas. Los hallazgos se discuten a la luz de la necesidad de exploraciones naturalistas que informen de los comportamientos que, para estas edades, dan cuenta de unas primigenias expresiones de lo moral. (Texto tomado de al fuente).The present study sought relevant aspects in the genesis, construction, and expression of moral knowledge in ages prior to those reported by the social domains theory. Relationships were sought between the attachment bond and what is referred here as morally oriented behaviors. Mothers and infants (18 to 24 months of age) were observed to score attachment security and maternal responsiveness using AQS and MBQS. Subsequently, it was analyzed whether such scores were related to dyad behavioral manifestations in hypothetical situations with socio-moral characteristics, as well as to maternal verbal expressions related to morality. This, within the framework of a task of inventing a story from images. The results show that there are significant correlations between the attachment variables and the morally oriented behavior of trying to relieve the character in the story rho(59)= .369, p=.001, which suggests the relationship between the bond and some associated behaviors to the moral Additionally, relationships were found between maternal behaviors that were considered scaffolding for social knowledge and the observed morally oriented behaviors rho(59)= .339, p=.001 (with negative expression) rho(59)= .260, p= .005 (with self-referential behaviors). These correlations suggest that relationship between the bond of attachment and some behaviors associated with morality. Additionally, relationships were found between maternal behaviors that were considered scaffolding for social knowledge and the morally oriented behaviors observed. There was no relationship between the link variables and maternal behaviors, nor with the mother´s language. No relationship was found with the other morally oriented behaviors observed. The results indicate relationship between attachment and the morally oriented behaviors observed are partial because it occurs only with some behaviors and in specific circumstances. The findings are discussed considering the need for naturalistic explorations that inform of the behaviors that, for these ages, account for some primitive expressions of morality.Este trabajo fue realizado con el apoyo financiero de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Bogotá a través de recursos de la Convocatoria Nacional para el Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigación y Creación Artística de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia 2017-2018.
Cualquier mensaje con respecto a este documento debe ser enviado al correo electrónico del autor: [email protected] anexosMaestríaMagíster en PsicologíaDesarrollo social en contextos adverso
Repensar el rol de los padres en el desarrollo sociomoral de los hijos: desafíos y oportunidades
Get PDFThis article presents a review of the role of parents in sociomoral development from different theoretical perspectives. Emphasis is placed on the role of parents as attachment figures and on the opportunities for parental scaffolding that derive from the conflicts that are processed in the family context, opportunities that are related not only to the development of moral concepts but also to the construction of the sense of moral agency. We concludes by presenting challenges for research in our contexts and for strengthening of parental support processes and policies.Este artículo presenta una revisión entorno al rol de los padres en el desarrollo sociomoral desde diferentes perspectivas teóricas. Se enfatiza en el papel de los padres en tanto figuras de apego y en las oportunidades para el andamiaje parental que se derivan de los conflictos que se tramitan en el contexto familiar, oportunidades que se relacionan no sólo con el desarrollo de conceptos morales, sino también con la construcción del sentido de agencia moral. Se concluye presentando desafíos para la investigación en nuestros contextos y para el fortalecimiento de procesos y políticas de apoyo a la parentalidad.Este artigo apresenta uma revisão do papel dos pais no desenvolvimento sociomoral a partir de diferentes perspectivas teóricas. É dada ênfase ao papel dos pais enquanto figuras de vinculação e às oportunidades de andaimes parentais que decorrem dos conflitos que se processam no contexto familiar, oportunidades que se relacionam não só com o desenvolvimento de conceitos morais, mas também com a construção de o senso de agência moral. Conclui apresentando desafios para a pesquisa em nossos contextos e para o fortalecimento de processos e políticas de apoio à parentalidade
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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