1,720,980 research outputs found
An Overview Of Current Developments In The Synthesis Of Carbon Nanotubes And Their Use In Medicinal Applications
Full text linkIn order to address problems associated with conventional drug therapy, such as limited drug solubility, poor biodistribution, lack of property, and unfavourable pharmacological medicine, new nanomaterials have been extensively investigated in recent years for drug delivery applications. Among them, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are well known and rank among the most notable innovations in the field of nanotechnology because to their unique chemical science design, characteristics, and potential for usage in a variety of industries. CNTs are acknowledged as nano-architecture carbon allotropes with length-to-diameter ratios up to 1,000,000. CNTs frequently have single, double, or multiple walls and are square sheets of rolled graphene with SP2 coupling.The key characteristics of CNTs include their light weight, small size with a high aspect ratio, distinctive surface area, resilience, sensible tensile strength, and sensible conducting properties, which make them useful as fillers in a variety of materials including polymers, metallic surfaces, and ceramics. These cylindrical carbon molecules' potential uses in nanomedicine, nanotechnology, energy, textiles, actuators, sensors, composite materials, membranes, and capacitors have generated a great deal of enthusiasm in the pharmacy community. CNTs are refunctionalized or altered to hold payloads or interact with biological molecules since they are chemically inert and soluble in neither water nor other organic solvents. Due to their widespread use in medical applications such as the delivery of drugs, genes, and DNA as well as for biosensing, CNTs are best functionalized with proteins. They have the ability to cross membranes, transporting medicinal drugs, vaccinations, and nucleic acids deep inside the cell to previously unreachable locations. Numerous processes, such as flame synthesis, sol gel, silane solution, arc discharge, laser ablation, and chemical vapour deposition, have been devised to create nanotubes in significant numbers. The majority of the procedures used to purify CNTs include oxidation, acid treatment, annealing, sonication, chemical filtering, and functionalization techniques. High-purity purification methods must to be developed, though. These structures' striking advantages include their electrical, mechanical, optical, and chemical properties, which pave the way for potential future applications. This in-depth study focused on the synthesis, purification, functionalization, characteristics, advantages, applications, and most recent developments related to the use of CNTs for drug administration. The toxic effect of CNTs was also imparted in an extremely condensed form
Quality by Design-Based Crystallization of Curcumin Using Liquid Antisolvent Precipitation: Micromeritic, Biopharmaceutical, and Stability Aspects
Full text linkThe aim of present study was to introduce the role of quality by design to produce curcumin crystals with enhanced dissolution rate and bioavailability. The liquid antisolvent method was used to produce crystals. The crystal growth was controlled using the Box–Behnken design. The variables used in the crystallization process included the ratio of pyrocatechol to polyethylene glycol (PEG) 1500, solvent addition rate, stirring time, and stirring speed. Combination of these variables was found to yield curcumin crystals of 2.45 ± 0.56 μm size and 0.321 polydispersity index that exhibited enhanced solubility, dissolution rate, product yield, and compressibility. The optimized curcumin crystals were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The dissolution rate and oral bioavailability of optimized curcumin crystals were found to be 2.66- and 7.08-folds higher than its unprocessed form. The optimized crystals were found stable for 6 months under accelerated temperature of 40°C and 75% relative humidity as there was no significant difference observed in the crystal size and dissolution profile
Evaluation and Characterization of Tamarind Gum Polysaccharide: The Biopolymer
Full text linkPolymers from natural sources are widely used as excipients in the formulation of pharmaceutical dosage forms. The objective of this study was to extract and further characterize the tamarind gum polysaccharide (TGP) obtained from Tamarindus indica as an excipient for biomedical applications. Double distilled water was used as a solvent for the extraction of gum while Ethyl alcohol was used as an antisolvent for the precipitation. The results of the Hausner ratio, Carr’s index and angle of repose were found to be 0.94, 6.25, and 0.14, respectively, which revealed that the powder is free-flowing with good flowability. The gum was investigated for purity by carrying out chemical tests for different phytochemical constituents and only carbohydrates were found to be present. The swelling index was found to be 87 ± 1%, which shows that TGP has good water intake capacity. The pH of the 1% gum solution was found to be neutral, approximately 6.70 ± 0.01. The ash values such as total ash, sulphated ash, acid insoluble ash, and water-soluble ash were found to be 14.00 ± 1.00%, 13.00 ± 0.05%, 14.04 ± 0.57% and 7.29 ± 0.06%, respectively. The IR spectra confirmed the presence of alcohol, amines, ketones, anhydrides groups. The contact angle was <90°, indicating favorable wetting and good spreading of liquid over the surface The scanning electron micrograph (SEM) revealed that the particle is spherical in shape and irregular. DSC analysis shows a sharp exothermic peak at 350 °C that shows its crystalline nature. The results of the evaluated properties showed that TGP has acceptable properties and can be used as a excipient to formulate dosage forms for biomedical applications
Ethnomedicinal And Pharmacological Uses Of Curcuma Caesia
Full text linkCurcuma caesiaRoxb.is a perennial rhizomatous grass having large leavesis commonly used as traditional medicine. The plant contains camphor, turmingone, ocimene, cineole, borneol, bornyl acetate, and curcumin as the main phytoconstituents. The C. caesia plant has been reported to possess highantifungal,anti-asthmatic,antimicrobial, antioxidant, analgesic, locomotive depressant, anticonvulsant and anti-inflammatory activities. Curcuma caesiais a valuable source of unique natural products for the therapeutics development against various diseases. This review provides describes themedical uses, photochemistry, and pharmacological actions of the Curcuma caesiaplan
Ultraflexible Liposome Nanocargo as a Dermal and Transdermal Drug Delivery System
Full text linkA selected active pharmaceutical ingredient must be incorporated into a cargo carrier in a particular manner so that it achieves its goal. An amalgamation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) should be conducted in such a manner that it is simple, professional, and more beneficial. Lipids/polymers that are known to be used in nanocarriers for APIs can be transformed into a vesicular formulation, which offers elegant solutions to many problems. Phospholipids with other ingredients, such as ethanol and water, form suitable vesicular carriers for many drugs, overcoming many problems related to poor bioavailability, poor solubility, etc. Ultraflexible liposomes are novel carriers and new frontiers of drug delivery for transdermal systems. Auxiliary advances in vesicular carrier research have been made, enabling polymer-coated ethanolic liposomes to avoid detection by the body’s immune system—specifically, the cells of the reticuloendothelial system. Ultraflexible liposomes act as a cargo system and a nanotherapeutic approach for the transport of therapeutic drugs and bioactive agents. Various applications of liposome derivatives in different diseases are emphasized in this review
A Review on medicinal plants in dentistry
Full text linkThe dental afflictions are indubitably the most important global infectious diseases affecting both children and adults. The most significant dental illness is dental caries and periodontal pathologies. The major reason of oral health troubles is more inhabitants with pathogenic bacteria and for this reason, conservative treatment can often be in efficient because of bacterial resistance or may have unpleasant side effects.For that reason, studies in the field have focused on finding new therapeutic alternatives.The use of natural medicines for dental care is an ancient cross-cultural practice that persists in the majority of cultures today.Over the past decade, interest in drugs derived from medicinal plants has markedly increased. This study was designed at a literature review focusing on studies investigating herbal drugs and their therapeutic application, mechanism of action, side effects, toxicities and probable drug interactions. A small number of studies were established to hold their rational employ in dentistry. Because there is a rising employ of phytotherapeutic agents in dentistry, additional studies are required to evaluate their safety and efficacy for clinical use.
Keywords: Herbal medicine, Oral health, Dentistry, Caries, Infection
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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